OBJECTIVE: A survey among medical students of all medical schools in the Czech Republic was conducted to investigate attitudes and views of psychiatry and career choice of psychiatry. METHODS: A Czech version of the Attitudes to Psychiatry Scale (APS) and a questionnaire surveying demographic characteristics and choices of future specialty were distributed to all medical students of eight medical schools in the Czech Republic via the schools' internal communication systems in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of a total of 10,147 medical students in the Czech Republic (academic year 2019/2020), 2418 students participated in the survey (response rate 23.8%). Psychiatry as a non-exclusive career choice was considered by 31.3% respondents; child and adolescent psychiatry was considered by 15.4% respondents. Psychiatry as the only choice was considered by 1.6%, and child and adolescent psychiatry was not considered at all. The interest in both specialties was declining since the first year of study. The status of psychiatry among other medical specialties was perceived as low; students were rather discouraged from entering psychiatry by their families. They did not feel encouraged by their teachers to pursue career in psychiatry despite the fact that they were interested in psychiatry. They also felt uncomfortable with patients with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high enthusiasm for psychiatry in the first year of medical school, only a small proportion of medical students consider to choose psychiatry, and especially child and adolescent psychiatry, as a career at the end of medical school.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
- postoj MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychiatrie * MeSH
- studenti lékařství * MeSH
- volba povolání MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- klinické rozhodování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postižení MeSH
- stomatologická péče o děti MeSH
- systémy pro podporu klinického rozhodování * MeSH
- zubní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Potentiation of GABAergic inhibition is a mechanism of action of many antiepileptic drugs. The potential use of an agonist of GABAA receptors, muscimol, as an antiepileptic drug was studied in immature rats by assessing anticonvulsant activity and side effects on motor activities. Anticonvulsant action was tested in two models of seizures (pentetrazol-induced convulsions and cortical epileptic afterdischarges). Off target effect on motor performance was assessed in a battery of tests and in the open field in three age groups (12-, 18- and 25-day-old rats). Muscimol was administered in doses from 0.1 to 1mg/kg i.p. Only the 1 mg/kg dose exhibited marked anticonvulsant effect against pentetrazol-induced convulsions in 12- and 18-day-old rats, proconvulsant effect was observed in the second model in 18- and 25-day-old rats as prolongation of afterdischarges. Even the 0.5 mg/kg dose suppressed spontaneous locomotion and heavily compromised motor performance. The effect on motor activity was marked in the youngest group and decreased with age. Due to the low anticonvulsant potency and serious side effects, systemic administration of a competitive agonist of GABAA receptors in immature animals is not a promising strategy for new anticonvulsants.
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva farmakologie MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- epilepsie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mozek účinky léků růst a vývoj patofyziologie MeSH
- muscimol farmakologie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- pátrací chování účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- pentylentetrazol MeSH
- pohybová aktivita účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- receptory GABA-A - agonisté farmakologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- záchvaty farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This prospective, observational, non-randomized study aimed to describe the relationship between treatment regimen prescribed and the quality of life (QoL) of ADHD patients in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Eastern Asia over 12 months. METHODS: 977 Male and female patients aged 6-17 years seeking treatment for symptoms of ADHD were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4 Parent Checklists, and the Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity scale. QoL was assessed using the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition parent report form. Patients were grouped according to whether they were prescribed psycho- and/or pharmacotherapy (treatment) or not (no/'other' treatment). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between cohorts (treatment vs. no/'other' treatment) in terms of change in QoL, although there was improvement over 12 months, with a greater improvement experienced by patients in the treatment cohort in both study regions (CEE and Eastern Asia). Psychoeducation/counselling and methylphenidate were the predominant ADHD treatments prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Although both treatment and no/'other' treatment cohorts showed improvements in mean QoL over 12 months, the difference was small and not statistically significant. A major limitation was the higher than anticipated number of patients switching treatments, predominantly from the no/'other' treatment cohort.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha farmakoterapie psychologie terapie MeSH
- kvalita života psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylfenidát terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poradenství MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- stimulanty centrálního nervového systému terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Dálný východ MeSH
- východní Evropa MeSH
