Vnásledujícím souhrnu je uveden přehled dostupné literatury na aktuální téma týkající se enzymu ureasy. Ureasa je enzym katalyzující hydrolýzu močoviny. Vpřehledu je diskutován výskyt ureasy, její funkce avýznam arovněž role ureasy aureolytických bakterií vpatogenezi různých onemocnění. Jsou prezentovány známé anorganické ipřírodní inhibitory ureasy. Práce se zabývá důležitostí hledání nových inhibitorů ureasy apotenciálem přírodních látek vtéto oblasti.
In this review, an overview of the available literature on urease is presented. Urease is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea. The occurrence of ureases and their functions are discussed thoroughly. The relationship of urease to ureolytic bacteria is examined, and the currently available urease inhibitors, both inorganic and natural, are presented. Finally, the importance of urease and current and future applications of new inhibitors and explored.
- MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori imunologie patogenita MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů klasifikace MeSH
- Klebsiella imunologie patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moč * mikrobiologie MeSH
- močové ústrojí * mikrobiologie MeSH
- močovina * MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- Proteus imunologie patogenita MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- ureasa * antagonisté a inhibitory fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
In the last decade, gene expression studies of kidney transplants provided an opportunity to better understand the development and regulation of kidney graft rejection. This review outlines the progress in the definition of biomarkers of rejection and, above all, concentrates on studies of the molecular phenotype of rejection. This phenotype, rather than morphological characterization, may be critical for assessing the ongoing processes in the graft and for the outcome prediction.
Cuscuta europaea and Cuscuta campestris (Cuscutaceae) are annual parasitic plants which wrap around host plants and penetrate their tissues using haustoria. There are more than 150 species of Cuscuta worldwide; C. europaea and C. campestris are the most common species in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In this study phenolics were identified in methanolic extracts of these species by HPLC and MS. Among others, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin 3-O- -glucoside were found in the extracts.
AIMS: Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to play an important role in various kidney graft diseases resulting in interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy frequently found in case biopsies. To explore the role of various cytokines and chemokines in the long-term graft outcome, the transcription patterns of their genes in kidney allograft biopsies were evaluated. METHODS: The real-time RT-PCR was used to identify intragraft mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines in 74 kidney graft recipients and the results were correlated with histological and clinical parameters and long-term graft outcome. RESULTS: We observed up-regulated IL-10 (p < 0.001), TGF-beta1, IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES (p < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (p < 0.05) mRNA expression in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) as compared to controls. There were positive correlations between the mRNA expression of IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-10 (p < 0.01), TNF-alpha, MCP-1 (p < 0.05) and the proteinuria. The up-regulation of intrarenal MCP-1 in patients with CAN increased the risk for the graft failure within the next 42 months (OR 5.1, p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that proteinuria and higher intragraft expression of TGF-beta1 and MCP-1 predict a poor kidney graft outcome. CONCLUSION: Expression patterns of intrarenal proinflammatory genes might discriminate patients at a higher risk for the earlier allograft failure. 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
- MeSH
- chemokiny biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- cytokiny biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- přežívání štěpu genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese fyziologie MeSH
- rejekce štěpu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transplantace ledvin MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
69 s. : il. ; 30 cm + autoreferát
- MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- transplantace ledvin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- vysokoškolské kvalifikační práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- transplantologie
Acute rejection (AR) is a dominant risk factor for developing chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) after kidney transplantation. CAN is characterized by progressive interstitial fibrosis. It has been associated with increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression, however, kinetic studies are absent. We investigated whether intragraft TGF-beta1 expression in various causes of early graft dysfunction may influence late renal allograft dysfunction. A total of 174 human renal biopsies were quantified for TGF-beta1 mRNA expression using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels were correlated with the Banff histopathological grades, TGF-beta1 immunohistology, and clinical follow-up. TGF-beta1 was most markedly upregulated in AR, CAN, and acute tubular necrosis - delayed graft function compared to non-rejecting controls (P < 0.001). TGF-beta1 expression was heightened in borderline changes (P < 0.01), recurrence of glomerulonephritis, and cyclosporine toxicity (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between intragraft TGF-beta1 expression during AR and short-term outcome of a rejection episode. TGF-beta1 gene overexpression during CAN has been shown to be associated with the increased risk for renal allograft dysfunction 18 months after biopsy (odds ratios 9.9 vs 3.2, respectively). Intragraft TGF-beta1 mRNA expression is significantly upregulated in both AR and CAN. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that TGF-beta1 might play a key role in chronic allograft dysfunction.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza metabolismus MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- rejekce štěpu patologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- transformující růstový faktor beta genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transformující růstový faktor beta1 MeSH
- transplantace ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
