Two Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were isolated from abiotic sources comprising stone fragments and sandy soil in James Ross Island, Antarctica. Here, we describe properties of a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus that has a 16S rRNA gene sequence nearly identical to that of Staphylococcus saprophyticus However, compared to S. saprophyticus and the next closest relatives, the new species demonstrates considerable phylogenetic distance at the whole-genome level, with an average nucleotide identity of <85% and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization of <30%. It forms a separate branch in the S. saprophyticus phylogenetic clade as confirmed by multilocus sequence analysis of six housekeeping genes, rpoB, hsp60, tuf, dnaJ, gap, and sod Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and key biochemical characteristics allowed these bacteria to be distinguished from their nearest phylogenetic neighbors. In contrast to S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus, the novel strains are pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and β-glucuronidase positive and β-galactosidase negative, nitrate is reduced, and acid produced aerobically from d-mannose. Whole-genome sequencing of the 2.69-Mb large chromosome revealed the presence of a number of mobile genetic elements, including the 27-kb pseudo-staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec of strain P5085T (ψSCCmecP5085), harboring the mecC gene, two composite phage-inducible chromosomal islands probably essential to adaptation to extreme environments, and one complete and one defective prophage. Both strains are resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, ceftazidime, methicillin, cefoxitin, and fosfomycin. We hypothesize that antibiotic resistance might represent an evolutionary advantage against beta-lactam producers, which are common in a polar environment. Based on these results, a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus is described and named Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov. The type strain is P5085T (= CCM 8730T = DSM 104441T).IMPORTANCE The description of Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov. enables the comparison of multidrug-resistant staphylococci from human and veterinary sources evolved in the globalized world to their geographically distant relative from the extreme Antarctic environment. Although this new species was not exposed to the pressure of antibiotic treatment in human or veterinary practice, mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance genes were found in the genome. The genomic characteristics presented here elucidate the evolutionary relationships in the Staphylococcus genus with a special focus on antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and survival traits. Genes encoded on mobile genetic elements were arranged in unique combinations but retained conserved locations for the integration of mobile genetic elements. These findings point to enormous plasticity of the staphylococcal pangenome, shaped by horizontal gene transfer. Thus, S. edaphicus can act not only as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance in a natural environment but also as a mediator for the spread and evolution of resistance genes.
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny fyziologie MeSH
- biologická adaptace genetika MeSH
- extrémně chladné počasí * MeSH
- extrémní prostředí * MeSH
- genomové ostrovy fyziologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus klasifikace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
Thirteen coagulase-negative, oxidase-negative, and novobiocin-susceptible staphylococci were isolated from human clinical specimens. The isolates were differentiated from known staphylococcal species on the basis of 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoB, dnaJ, tuf, and gap gene sequencing, automated ribotyping, (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated phylogenetic relatedness of the analyzed strains to Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus devriesei, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between representative strains CCM 8418(T), CCM 8421(T), and the closest phylogenetic neighbors confirmed that the isolates represent novel Staphylococcus species, for which the name Staphylococcus petrasii sp. nov. is proposed. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses unambiguously split the strains into two closely related subclusters. Based on the results, two novel subspecies S. petrasii subsp. petrasii subsp. nov. and S. petrasii subsp. croceilyticus subsp. nov. are proposed, with type strains CCM 8418(T) (=CCUG 62727(T)) and CCM 8421(T) (=CCUG 62728(T)), respectively.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
- koagulasa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- novobiocin metabolismus MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- ucho mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
V letošním roce byl popsán nový druh stafylokoka, Staphylococcus petrasii. Kmeny tohoto druhu se vyskytují v humánním klinickém materiálu a hrají zřejmě roli podmíněného patogena podobně jako řada dalších koagulázanegativních stafylokoků. Dosud byly nejspíše identifikovány jako atypické Staphylococcus warneri, s kterými jsou fenotypově nejbližší. Fylogeneticky jsou nejblíže k druhům Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococccus devriesei a Staphylococccus lugdunensis.
A novel staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus petrasii, has recently been described. Strains of this species were isolated from human clinical specimens and are likely to be opportunistic pathogens, similarly to other coagulase- negative staphylococci. Previously, they may have been identified as atypical Staphylococcus werneri, to which they are phenotypically closest. Phylogenetically, they are closest to the species Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococccus devriesei, and Staphylococccus lugdunensis.
- Klíčová slova
- koagulázanegativní stafylokoky, S. petrasii, taxonomie rodu Staphylococcus,
- MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Staphylococcus * izolace a purifikace klasifikace patogenita růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny fyziologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rezistence na methicilin MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus fyziologie genetika patogenita MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Eight coagulase-negative, oxidase-negative and novobiocin-susceptible staphylococcal strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of South American squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus L.). These strains were differentiated from known staphylococcal species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene and hsp60 gene sequencing, and from the most closely related species by using DNA-DNA hybridization, ribotyping, whole-cell protein profiles and biotyping. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that these strains are members of the Staphylococcus aureus species group (99% similarity) but are biochemically similar to Staphylococcus piscifermentans, from which they can be phenotypically distinguished by resistance to polymyxin B, acid production from D-mannitol, the inability to hydrolyse aesculin and DNA and the absence of alpha-glucosidase. On the basis of these analyses, a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus is described, for which the name Staphylococcus simiae sp. nov. is proposed, with CCM 7213(T) (=LMG 22723(T)) as the type strain.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny analýza MeSH
- chaperon hsp60 genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- geny rRNA MeSH
- hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- ribotypizace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- Saimiri mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Staphylococcus fyziologie genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jižní Amerika MeSH
- MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- DNA virů analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- profágy genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- stafylokokové bakteriofágy genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace virologie MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
