Bacterial biofilms pose a serious medical problem due to their significant resistance to antimicrobials, and staphylococci are recognized as the most frequent cause of biofilm-associated infections. The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) contains substances that have been determined to act as anti-infective agents against bacteria, mainly in planktonic form. Therefore, we decided to investigate the antibiofilm properties of H. lupulus L.-derived compounds (humulone, lupulone and xanthohumol) against a selected group of Staphylococcus spp., including methicillin-susceptible and resistant strains. All tested hop compounds were shown to possess antimicrobial properties against all tested staphylococci, both planktonic and biofilm-dwelling, with no significant difference between resistant and susceptible strains. All compounds lowered the number of bacterial cells released from the biofilm, with the strongest effect seen for lupulone, followed by xanthohumol. Moreover, lupulone and xanthohumol were not only able to penetrate the biofilm and reduce the number of bacteria within it, but their higher concentrations (∼60 μg/mL for xanthohumol and ∼125 μg/mL for lupulone) reduced the number of surviving bacterial cells to zero.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- cyklohexeny farmakologie MeSH
- flavonoidy farmakologie MeSH
- Humulus chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- propiofenony farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- terpeny farmakologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V letošním roce byl popsán nový druh stafylokoka, Staphylococcus petrasii. Kmeny tohoto druhu se vyskytují v humánním klinickém materiálu a hrají zřejmě roli podmíněného patogena podobně jako řada dalších koagulázanegativních stafylokoků. Dosud byly nejspíše identifikovány jako atypické Staphylococcus warneri, s kterými jsou fenotypově nejbližší. Fylogeneticky jsou nejblíže k druhům Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococccus devriesei a Staphylococccus lugdunensis.
A novel staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus petrasii, has recently been described. Strains of this species were isolated from human clinical specimens and are likely to be opportunistic pathogens, similarly to other coagulase- negative staphylococci. Previously, they may have been identified as atypical Staphylococcus werneri, to which they are phenotypically closest. Phylogenetically, they are closest to the species Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococccus devriesei, and Staphylococccus lugdunensis.
- Klíčová slova
- koagulázanegativní stafylokoky, S. petrasii, taxonomie rodu Staphylococcus,
- MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Staphylococcus * izolace a purifikace klasifikace patogenita růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of the study was to explore production of seven biogenic amines (phenylethylamine, histamine, cadaverine, tyramine, putrescine, spermine and/or spermidine) by selected staphylococci and enterococci. Thirty three enterococcal strains isolated from rabbit meat (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) and 21 staphylococcal strains isolated from intestinal content of trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) were tested. Production of biogenic amines was evaluated after cultivation of the tested microorganisms in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Broth (enterococci) or in the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (staphylococci). Both the above cultivation media were enriched with selected amino acids (histidine, tyrosine, arginine, ornithine and lysine; 2g/L each) serving as precursors of biogenic amines. After cultivation, levels of the monitored biogenic amines in broths were analysed by a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a UV/VIS DAD detector. Among 21 staphylococci, 18 strains produced tyramine or cadaverine, 13 strains formed putrescine or phenylethylamine and only one strain generated histamine. Two staphylococcal strains produced cadaverine levels above 1000 mg/L. Among 33 enterococcal strains, 27 formed cadaverine, 18 strains produced tyramine, 10 strains generated phenylethylamine, and 2 strains gave putrescine. Most of the tyramine producing enterococci generated more than 1000 mg/L of this biogenic amine. Production of spermine or spermidine by the studied strains was not proved.
- MeSH
- biogenní aminy analýza biosyntéza MeSH
- dekarboxylace MeSH
- Enterococcus klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- králíci * MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- pstruh * MeSH
- Staphylococcus klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sepsis is a greatly feared complication of total joint arthroplasty. One key question is how to prevent perioperative bacterial adherence, and therefore the potential for infectious complications. The objective of our study was to appraise the emerging capacity of staphylococcal survival on prosthetic materials and to analyze the in vitro effects of gentamicin and vancomycin loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement on bacterial adherence and growth. Hospital acquired staphylococcal strains were systematically inoculated on four orthopedic materials (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, PMMA without antibiotic, commercially produced PMMA loaded with gentamicin, and manually mixed PMMA loaded with gentamicin and vancomycin). Staphylococci were identified using culture and biochemical tests. The inoculated material was allowed to incubate in a liquid broth growth media and subsequently prepared for scanning electron microscopy and bacterial growth quantification. Materials without antibiotics showed evidence of staphylococcal growth. PMMA loaded with only gentamicin grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin-vancomycin loaded PMMA completely inhibited any bacterial growth. Low-dose gentamicin-vancomycin loaded PMMA prevents staphylococcal colonization better than commercially manufactured PMMA loaded with gentamicin. We recommend this combination in high-risk procedures and revision surgeries requiring bone cement.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- artroplastiky kloubů škodlivé účinky MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj MeSH
- gentamiciny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- infekce spojené s protézou prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kostní cementy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- polyethyleny MeSH
- polymethylmethakrylát MeSH
- protézy kloubů MeSH
- Staphylococcus růst a vývoj MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- vankomycin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky normy MeSH
- Clostridium izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Salmonella izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Yersinia izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
A rapid test for the detection of staphylococcal thermostable nuclease (TNase) is described. The procedure consists of heat inactivation of solid cultures of staphylococci and microslide agar diffusion in toluidine blue agar containing deoxyribonucleic acid. Using this method the results are obtained about 1 d sooner than with the conventional method.
