BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) manifests as a change in mental status without a coma (NCSE proper) or comatose NCSE. Hypocretin-1/orexin-A (H/O) is involved in alertness and sleep maintenance. Sleep impairment and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) have a negative impact on cognitive functions and activities of daily living (ADL). METHODS: Patients meeting the NCSE criteria underwent cerebrospinal fluid and brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations, polysomnographies (PSG), multiple latency sleep tests (MSLT), and completed Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive functions, and the Barthel Index was used to assess ADL in the acute phase (V1) and three months follow-up (V2). RESULTS: From May 2020 to May 2023, we enrolled 15 patients, eight (53.3 %) women, with a median age of 69 (14) years. The median H/O CSF concentration was 250 (63.6) pg/ml; however, only three CSF samples (20 %) decreased below the borderline concentration of 200 pg/ml. Fourteen out of 15 patients (93.3 %) completed the PSG study. The median of wakefulness after sleep onset was 167 (173.5) min, sleep efficiency (SE) was 62.9 (63) %, sleep latency (SL) was 6 (32) min, REM sleep was 2.85 (7.2) %, and REM first episode latency was 210.5 (196.5) minutes. The medians of the stages N1 NREM were 4.65 (15) %, N2 NREM 68.4 (29.9) %, and N3 NREM 21.8 (35.5) %. MSLT mean latency was 7.7 (12.6) minutes. A significant negative correlation exists between H/O CSF concentrations and the stage N1 NREM (rs = -0.612, p = 0.02), and the proportion of cumulative sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90 % in total sleep time (TST) t90 (rs = -0.57, p = 0.03). MSLT had significant negative correlation with TST (rs = -0.5369, p = 0.0478), with SE (rs = -0.5897, p = 0.0265), with apnea-hypopnea index (rs = -0.7631, p = 0.0002) and with deoxygenation index (rs = -0.8009, p = 0.0006). A positive correlation exists between MSLT and SL (rs = 0.6284, p = 0.0161) and between ESS and t90 (rs = 0.9014, p = 0.0004). The correlation between H/O CSF concentrations and EDS, cognitive performance, and ADL was not proved. CONCLUSIONS: Patients after NCSE exhibited sleep impairment and excessive daytime sleepiness. Hypocretin-1/orexin-A concentrations decreased only in 20 % of these cases.
- MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- orexiny * mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- polysomnografie * MeSH
- poruchy nadměrné spavosti * mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spánek fyziologie MeSH
- status epilepticus * mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of COVID-19 illness and pandemic era on sleep, general health, health care, and social status in patients with epilepsy in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Our designed and approved questionnaire consisted of 23 questions. We focused on (1) patients' demographic and epidemiological data regarding COVID-19, (2) subjective assessment of sleep; (3) epilepsy, and (4) perception of general health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic from March 2020 to May 2021. We administered the questionnaires during outpatient visits or by phone calls in three major university Czech epilepsy centers (Ostrava, Brno, Pilsen). RESULTS: We enrolled 227 (100%) patients. The mean age (±SD) was 41.2 ± 14.82 years (min 18, max 86 years), and 138 (61%) were women. COVID-19 was confirmed using the PCR test method in 57 (25.1%) patients. In the pre-pandemic era, 62 (27.3%) patients reported sleep disturbances. Insomnia in 46 (74.2%) and excessive daytime sleepiness in 6 (9.7%) were the most mentioned sleep abnormalities. Nocturnal seizures predispose to sleep impairment (p = 0.014) and vivid dreams and nightmares (p = 0.033). COVID-19 infection significantly increased the risk of vivid dreams and nightmares in patients with diurnal seizures (p = 0.006). Sleep quality impairment and seizure frequency worsening [(p < 0.001) and (p = 0.001), respectively] were the most significant risk factors to perform general health deterioration regardless of having COVID-19 (p = 0.559). The most affected age group was 51+ years (p = 0.033). The three centers provided adequate outpatient care during the first year of the pandemic. The employment and social status of the patients remained unchanged (p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS: COVID- 19 infection significantly increased the occurrence of vivid dreams and nightmares in patients with diurnal seizures. Sleep quality deterioration and seizure frequency worsening significantly negatively impacted general health performance.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Spánek je základní fyziologickou vlastností a potřebou lidského organismu. Epilepsie je chronické onemocnění, které při nedostatečné kompenzaci významně přispívá k poruchám spánku. Poruchy spánku mohou být naopak asociovány s vyšším výskytem a četností epileptických záchvatů. Cílem práce je diferenciálně diagnostický pohled na příčiny obtížné kompenzace pacienta s epilepsií v souvislosti s poruchami spánku v každodenní ambulantní neurologické praxi.
Sleep is an essential physiological trait and a need for the human organism. Epilepsy is a chronic disease that contributes significantly to sleep disturbance when compensated poorly. Sleep disorders, on the other hand, may be associated with a higher incidence and frequency of epileptic seizures. Differential diagnostic view of the causes of the difficulty of compensating an epilepsy patient in relation to sleep disorders in daily outpatient practice of the neurologist is presented in this article.
- MeSH
- epilepsie * farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění * MeSH
- spánek MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
