Hemangiosarkom je vzácný a agresivní tumor se špatnou prognózou, jelikož má vysokou tendenci k recidivám a vzniku metastáz. Nejčastěji se vyskytuje na kůži, v měkkých tkáních a parenchymových orgánech, jako jsou prsa, játra a slezina. Může postihovat jedince v kterémkoliv věku, ale nejčastěji je diagnostikován u starších pacientů. Diagnostika je založena na histologickém a imunohistochemickém vyšetření a zobrazovacích metodách, jako jsou MR a CT. Možností léčby je chirurgické odstranění, radioterapie a chemoterapie, avšak v době diagnózy je obvykle již postižení multiorgánové, což omezuje léčebné možnosti. V této kazuistice představujeme případ disemi- novaného hemangiosarkomu u muže středního věku, původně považovaného za mnohočetný myelom.
Hemangiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, as it has a high rate of local recurrence and metastasis. It most commonly occurs on the skin, in soft tissues and in parenchymal organs such as breasts, liver, and spleen. It can affect individuals of any age, but it is usually diagnosed in older patients. Diagnosis is based on histologic and immunohistochemical examination, and on imaging modalities such as MRI and CT. Treatment options include surgical removal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, however at the time of diagnosis the disease has usually already spread to multiple organs, limiting treatment options. In this case report, we present a case of disseminated hemangiosarcoma in a middle-aged male patient initially suspected to have multiple myeloma.
MRI is becoming increasingly available and more common. However, it is a long examination, within a limited space, and making strong demands on the patient for proper co-operation. Using survey data collected by prospective questionnaire, this work examines the influence of patient preparation and type of MRI device on patients' subjective perception of the examination. The work analysed 800 patient questionnaires from 7 radiology centres, 12 MRI machines from 3 manufacturers. It was shown that 20% of patients were not informed at all or only insufficiently about the MRI examination by the referring physician, and this had a statistically significant effect on subjective perception as to the length of the examination. In claustrophobic patients, there was no significant difference in the perception of MRI examination between machine types (open vs. closed) or between bore size. This work demonstrated the influence of technical parameters of MRI devices on some other evaluated aspects in terms of patients' perception of MRI examinations (such as noise perception or peripheral nerves irritation) and that the preparation prior to the examination itself plays also an important role. Sufficient explanation from the referring physician, good workplace time management, and sufficient communication with the patient influence the subjective perception of the examination and thus indirectly its diagnostic benefit.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic power of [18F]FLT-PET with ceMRI in patients with brain tumours or other focal lesions. METHODS: 121 patients with suspected brain tumour or those after brain tumour surgery were enroled in this retrospective study (61 females, 60 males, mean age 37.3 years, range 1-80 years). All patients underwent [18F]FLT-PET/MRI with gadolinium contrast agent application. In 118 of these patients, a final diagnosis was made, verified by histopathology or by follow-up. Agreement between ceMRI and [18F]FLT-PET of the whole study group was established. Further, sensitivity and specificity of ceMRI and [18F]FLT-PET were calculated for differentiation of high-grade vs. low-grade tumours, high-grade vs. low-grade tumours together with non-tumour lesions and for differentiation of high-grade tumours from all other verified lesions. RESULTS: [18F]FLT-PET and ceMRI findings were concordant in 119 cases (98%). On closer analysis of a subset of 64 patients with verified gliomas, the sensitivity and specificity of both PET and ceMRI were identical (90% and 84%, respectively) for differentiating low-grade from high-grade tumours, if the contrast enhancement and [18F]FLT uptake were considered as hallmarks of high-grade tumour. For differentiation of high-grade tumours from low-grade tumours and lesions of nontumorous aetiology (e.g., inflammatory lesions or post-therapeutic changes) in a subgroup of 93 patients by visual evaluation, the sensitivity of both PET and ceMRI was 90%, whereas the specificity of PET was slightly higher (61%) compared to ceMRI (57%). By receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 74%, respectively, when the threshold of SUVmax in the tumour was set to 0.9 g/ml. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a generally very high correlation of [18F]FLT accumulation with contrast enhancement visible on ceMRI and a comparable diagnostic yield in both modalities for differentiating high-grade tumours from low-grade tumours and lesions of other aetiology.
- MeSH
- dideoxynukleosidy MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gadolinium * farmakokinetika MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kontrastní látky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- multimodální zobrazování metody MeSH
- nádory mozku * diagnostické zobrazování patologie metabolismus MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie * metody MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- radiofarmaka MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Incidence měkkotkáňových lézí v oblas- ti kolenního kloubu v dospělé populaci je nízká, nicméně s ohledem k vysoké frekvenci vyšetření kolenních kloubů, nemusí být právě ojedinělým nálezem. Vzhledem k velké ploše kolenního kloubu vystlané synoviální membránou jsou nejčastějšími lézemi, léze synoviální. Zásadní pro odlišení lézí je rozpoznání běžných reaktivních synoviálních procesů od změn tumorózních. V zobrazování lézí „měkkého“ kolena hrají důležitou roli ultrazvuk a mag- netická rezonance. Nezpochybnitelnou roli pak v rozvaze nad etiologií léze má i klinické vyšetření a možnost klinicko-radiologické korelace. V práci se pokoušíme o shrnutí základních patologických stavů a dokumentujeme je kazuistickými nálezy z našeho pracoviště.
Soft tissue tumoriform lesions tend to be relatively common with respect to the number of examined knee joints, although their incidence in the population is low. Due to the large area of the knee joint lined with synovial membrane, the most common lesions are synovial lesions. Recognizing common reactive synovial processes from tumorous changes is crutial for differential diagnosis of the lesions. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging play a major role in the imaging of „soft“ knee lesions. Clinical examination and the possibility of clinical-radiological correlation also play an unquestionable role in determining the etiology of the lesion. In our work, we try to summarize the basic pathological conditions and document them with case-specific findings from our workplace.
Magnetická rezonance kolenního kloubu je jednou z nejčastějších indikací muskuloskeletálního zobrazování kloubů, dnes již nepo- stradatelná součást komplexní diagnostiky. Výsledky vyšetření rozhodují o následném typu ošetření – ať již konzervativní, či operační léčbě. Zhodnocení menisků je nedílnou součástí vyšetření a v řadě případů nečiní potíže. Úskalím může být atypický či méně častý typ poranění nebo současné poškození i jiných struktur, které odvedou pozornost od některých méně nápadných patologických stavů. Jedním z těchto poškození menisku je ramp léze – poškození zadního rohu mediálního menisku v meniskokapsulární junkci. Přehlédnutí této léze není jen kosmetickou záležitostí, ale může mít i následné klinické potíže.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint is one of the most common indications for musculoskeletal imaging of joints, nowadays an indispensable part of complex diagnostics. The results of the examination decide on the subsequent type of treatment, either conservative or surgical treatment. The evaluation of the menisci is an essential part of the examination and in many cases does not cause dif- ficulties. The challenge may be atypical or less frequent type of injury, or simultaneous damage to other structures that distract attention from some of the less obvious pathologies. One such meniscal injury is a ramp lesion – damage to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in the menisocapsular junction. Overlooking this lesion is not just a cosmetic issue, but can have consequent clinical difficulties.
Schwannomy a paragangliomy jsou příkladem neurogenních tumorů, které jsou v případě povrchového uložení dostupné pro vyšetření ultrazvukem. Ultrazvukový obraz může být rozmanitý vzhledem k variabilní echogenitě i vaskularizaci těchto lézí. V některých případech, zejména při multicentrickém výskytu nebo při nemožnosti zobrazit návaznost na nerv, mohou být zaměněny za patologické uzliny. Kazuistická sdělení předkládají ultrazvukový obraz těchto tumorů včetně obrazu kontrastního vyšetření s použitím mikrobublinové kontrastní látky SonoVue (Bracco Imaging S.p.A, Itálie) u třech pacientů, kteří byli došetřováni pro hmatnou rezistenci v oblasti krku a axily. U všech pacientů byla provedena diagnostická exstirpace přítomných ložisek. Ložiska byla histologicky vyhodnocena jako schwannom krku a axily a paragangliom krku.
Schwannomas and paragangliomas, when localized superficially, are examples of tumors that are well accessible with sonography. Their appearance on ultrasound can be diverse due to variable echogenicity and vascularization. In some cases, especially in the event of multicentricity or an inability to demostrate contiguity with a nerve of origin, they can be mistaken for pathologic lymph nodes. The appearance of these tumors on conventional ultrasound and on contrast-enhanced ultrasound using the microbubble contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco Imaging, Italy) is presented in case reports of three patients undergoing investigation of palpable masses in the neck or axillary region. All patient underwent excisional biopsy of the lesions, which were histologically determined to be schwannoma of the neck and axila, and paraganglioma of the neck.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze a consecutive cohort of brain metastasis (BM) patients treated off clinical trials through combination of surgery and radiotherapy over the last 15 years in a tertiary neurooncology center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All BM patients operated between 2007-2019 received adjuvant linac-based radiotherapy categorized to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and tumor bed stereotactic radiotherapy. Survival outcomes and local control was analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 118 patients were enrolled, those with stereotactic radiotherapy (41%) had better baseline characteristics mirrored in longer overall survival (OS) [18 vs. 7.1 months, p < 0.001; hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, p = 0.004] with median follow-up of 58 months. Cumulative incidence for local, distant, and extracranial control was not significantly different between groups, with 12-month cumulative control of 22% vs. 18%, 44% vs. 29%, and 35% vs. 32% for stereotactic and WBRT group, respectively. WBRT was an independent factor for better distal brain control. CONCLUSIONS: Real world data demonstrating significantly better overall survival in patients treated with postoperative targeted radiotherapy compared with postoperative WBRT is presented, with no significant difference in cumulative incidence for local or distant brain control. The majority of patients with targeted radiotherapy had a fractionated dose schedule with outcomes comparable to single-dose radiation trials of postoperative targeted radiotherapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: To evaluate the contribution of F-18 FDG-PET/MRI in the search for the etiology of the inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) and fever of unknown origin (FUO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 104 patients who underwent F-18 FDG-PET/MRI for IUO or FUO. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of the PET/MRI findings in relation to the final diagnosis of IUO/FUO were evaluated. A five-point Likert scale was used to semiquantitatively assess the probability of the cause of IUO/FUO based on PET/MRI finding. Furthermore, clinical (fever, arthralgia, weight loss, night sweats, age) and laboratory (C-reactive protein, leukocytes) parameters were monitored and compared with the true positivity rate of PET/MRI. RESULTS: In patients with definitively identified etiology of FUO and IUO, FDG-PET/MRI achieved a sensitivity of 96 %, specificity of 82 %, and positive and negative predictive values of 92 and 90 %. The cause of the IUO was determined in 71 patients (68.3 %). In 33 (31.7 %) patients, the etiology of IUO/FUO remained unknown, while in 25 (75.8 %) of them the symptoms resolved spontaneously and in 8 (24.2 %) patients they persisted without explanation even after 12 months of the follow-up. The most significant parameter in relation to subsequent PET/MRI finding was increased level of CRP, which was present in 96 % of true positive PET/MRI and normal CRP level was present in 56 % of true negative PET/MRI. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, FDG-PET/MRI is a suitable alternative for the investigation of IUO/FUO, this imaging technique has a very high sensitivity and negative predictive value.
- MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein metabolismus MeSH
- fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 * MeSH
- horečka neznámého původu * etiologie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie metody MeSH
- radiofarmaka MeSH
- zánět komplikace diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH