- MeSH
- financování organizované využití MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody využití MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
- olovo krev normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí prevence a kontrola statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Homelessness is a growing problem in the Czech Republic where homeless people represent a specific minority group beset by many problems linked to their divergent lifestyle. It was therefore expected that the homeless population would be at greater risk of exposure to environmental pollutants than the general population. The aim of our study was to compare blood lead (B-Pb) and blood cadmium (B-Cd) levels in the homeless population (HP) with those obtained from the Human Biomonitoring Project (CZ-HBM), which used blood donors considered representative of the general population (GP). We present data obtained between 2004 and 2006 for B-Pb and B-Cd in 257 Prague homeless adults and compare them to B-Pb and B-Cd levels in 104 Prague adult blood donors from the CZ-HBM project in 2005. The mean (geometric) B-Pb levels in men were 36.5 (HP) and 35.4microg/l (GP), which is not significantly different. However, statistically significant differences were observed between men and women in the GP (P<0.001), but not in HP; B-Pb levels in women (34.8microg/l) did not differ from those of HP men (36.5microg/l), but were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of GP women (25.8microg/l). B-Pb levels were not influenced by smoking. B-Cd levels in the homeless nonsmokers (geometric means 1.06 and 1.18microg/l in men and women, respectively) were more than 2.5 times higher than in the nonsmoking GP (0.36 and 0.38microg/l for men and women, respectively). B-Cd levels were significantly (P<0.001) influenced by smoking in both groups, but, surprisingly, the values in GP smokers (men=0.96microg/l, women=0.93microg/l) were lower than those in HP nonsmokers (men=1.06microg/l, women=1.18microg/l). A positive correlation was found between cadmium and lead in both men (P<0.05) and women (P<0.01). Our results indicate that the homeless population under study might be exposed to lead and cadmium more extensively than the general population of Prague and that homeless women represent a particularly vulnerable population group.
- MeSH
- dárci krve MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kadmium krev MeSH
- kouření krev MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí krev MeSH
- lidé bez domova MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- olovo krev MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In 2006, levels of seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in blood serum of 202 blood donors residing for more than 2 years in five urban areas included in the Czech Human Biomonitoring project were measured by GC/MS/MS method. PCB congeners 138, 153 and 180 accounted for about 97% of the sum of the indicator congeners analyzed. Overall, the median and 95th percentile of the most abundant congener PCB 153 were 438 ng/g lipid and 1079 ng/g lipid, respectively. The highest median levels were found in Uherske Hradiste (669 ng/g lipid) and Ostrava (672 ng/g lipid in males compared to 341 ng/g lipid in females). Serum PCB concentrations were significantly associated with age, gender, place of residence and smoking habit, but not with body mass index and education. The results suggest the importance of PCB body burden in the Czech general population and the existence of hot spots.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
V rámci biologického monitoringu byly v roce 2005 sledovány hladiny kadmia, olova, rtuti, mìdi, selenu a zinku v krvi a moèi dospìlé populace. Koncentrace kadmia v krvi kuøákù (medián) byla vyšší než u nekuøákù (1,30 vs. 0,50 μg/l). U žen byly nalezeny vyšší koncentrace kadmia v moèi ve srovnání s muži, u obou pohlaví byl pozorován vzestup hladin kadmia v moèi s vìkem. Koncentrace olova v krvi byly vyšší u mužù (35,4 μg/l) než u žen (26,6 μg/l) a stoupaly s vìkem. Koncentrace rtuti v krvi u mužù a žen byly 0,91 a 1,16 μg/l. Hladina selenu v krvi dospìlých byla 111 μg/l, hodnoty mìdi a zinku v krvi byly v normì a stabilizované. Muži mìli významnì nižší koncentrace mìdi v krvi ve srovnání se ženami neužívajícími a užívajícími orální antikoncepci (870 vs. 950 vs. 1305 μg/l).
In 2005 the concentrations of trace elements (cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, selenium, zinc) in blood and urine of adults were measured in the framework of the Biological Monitoring Project in the Czech Republic. Blood cadmium levels in adults were significantly influenced by smoking (medians 1.30 and 0.50 μg/l in smokers and non-smokers, respectively). The levels of cadmium in urine were higher in women than in men. Higher blood lead levels were observed in men (35,4 μg/l) in comparison to women (26,6 μg/l), plumbemia correlated with age. Blood mercury levels were 0.91 and 1.16 μg/l in men and women, respectively. Blood selenium levels were 111 μg/l. Blood copper and zinc levels are stabilized. Significantly lower blood copper levels were found in men in comparison with female non-users and users of oral contraception (870, 950 and 1305 μg/l, respectively).
- MeSH
- kadmium krev moč MeSH
- kontraceptiva orální MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měď krev moč MeSH
- olovo krev moč MeSH
- poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- rtuť krev moč MeSH
- selen krev moč MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- xenobiotika krev moč MeSH
- zinek krev moč MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The human biomonitoring (HBM) is an integral part of Environmental Health Monitoring System in the Czech Republic since 1994. Selected biomarkers of the internal dose (heavy metals, PCBs) and cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes as a biomarker of the exposure/effect to/of environmental genotoxic factors are systematically followed up in the blood and urine of adults (blood donors), in children aged 8 to 10 years, and in the breast milk of nursing mothers. Selected outputs documented the declining trend of blood lead levels, with the recent reference value of 80 mg/l for men, and the rising trend of blood selenium levels in adults, but not in children. PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in human milk show a long-term downward trend, but still higher than in neighbouring countries. The frequency of aberrant cells revealed a downward trend, but the increase obtained in the last monitored period needs to be explained. Further HBM activities are required to demonstrate the corresponding trends and to reduce human exposure and health risks.
- MeSH
- chromozomální aberace chemicky indukované MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- environmentální zdraví MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko chemie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly krev moč MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- surveillance populace MeSH
- těžké kovy krev moč MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The Human Biological Monitoring (HBM) project was launched in the Czech Republic in 1994 as a part of the nation-wide Environmental Health Monitoring System to assess the exposure of the Czech general population to a broad spectrum of environmental contaminants. Over the years 2001-2003, the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) were determined in whole blood of 1188 adults (blood donors) and 333 children and in urine of 657 adults and 619 children. In adults, the median blood lead (B-Pb) level was 33microg/l. Men had higher B-Pb levels than women (medians 37microg/l vs. 25microg/l). Significantly higher B-Pb levels were observed in smokers compared to non-smokers (36microg/l vs. 31microg/l). In children, no sex-dependent differences were observed (median 31microg/l). In total, the median blood Cd level (B-Cd) in adults was 0.5microg/l. Smokers showed a median B-Cd level about 3 times as high as non-smokers (1.3microg/l vs. 0.40microg/l). Neither sex- nor age-related differences were observed in B-Cd levels. In 65% of children, B-Cd levels were below the limit of detection (LOD). The overall median urinary cadmium level (U-Cd) in adults was 0.31microg/g creatinine. Significantly higher U-Cd levels were found in women (median 0.39microg/g creatinine) compared to men (0.29microg/g creatinine). No significant differences were found between smokers and non-smokers. In more than 50% of children, the U-Cd level was below the LOD (=0.2microg/l). The median blood mercury (B-Hg) level in adults was 0.89microg/l. Significant differences were found between smokers (0.80microg/l) and non-smokers (0.92microg/l), and between men and women (0.86microg/l vs. 0.94microg/l). The median B-Hg level in children was 0.42microg/l and no sex-related differences were observed. The median urinary mercury (U-Hg) levels were 0.63microg/g creatinine in adults and 0.37microg/g creatinine in children. Significantly higher U-Hg levels were obtained in women and non-smokers compared to men and smokers, respectively. The B-Pb, B-Hg, U-Cd, and U-Hg levels significantly correlated with age. The following reference values were recommended for the period 2001-2003: 80, 65 and 55microg/l for B-Pb and 3.1, 4.0 and 1.5microg/l for B-Hg in men, women and children, respectively; 1.1microg/l and 1.2microg/g creatinine for B-Cd and U-Cd, respectively, in adult non-smokers; 5.4 and 12.0microg/g creatinine for U-Hg in men and women, respectively, and 3.7 and 5.5microg/g creatinine for U-Hg in boys and girls, respectively. The previous reference values for B-Pb and B-Cd needed revision and were reduced.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kadmium krev moč MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- olovo krev MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- rtuť krev moč MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
