Při práci se židlemi využíváme techniky klasického psychodramatu (prázdná židle, výměna rolí, dvojník, zrcadlení) i specifické schématerapeutické přístupy, týkající se práce s módy. Módy jsou ohraničené komplexní vzorce emočního prožívání, myšlení, tělesných reakcí a chování, které se spouští při aktivaci raného maladaptivního schématu. Přesedání mezi židlemi umožňuje pacientovi a terapeutovi lépe identifikovat jednotlivé módy a související myšlenky, prožívání a chování, které jsou s nimi spojeny. To umožňuje zvýšení sebereflexe a následně i sebekontroly. V případě vnitřních konfliktů je možné vést mezi jednotlivými módy dialog, kdy pacient přesedá mezi židlemi zapojených módů. Článek probírá možnosti, jak s pomocí židlí vést dialogy módů a pomoci pacientovi k hlubší sebereflexi a volbě konstruktivního chování.
Chairwork contains techniques of classical psychodrama (empty chair, change of roles, double, mirroring), as well as specific schema therapeutic approaches related to working with schema modes. Modes are complex patterns of emotional experience, thinking, bodily reactions, and behaviors that occur after activation of an early maladaptive schema. Chairwork is useful for easier identification of individual modes and their associated thoughts, experiences, and behaviors. This allows to increase self-reflection and subsequently self-control. In the case of internal conflicts, it is possible to conduct dialogues between the individual modes, where the patient moves between the chairs of the particular modes. This article discusses various options for using chairs to conduct mode dialogues and help the patient to increase their self-reflection and constructive behavior.
BACKGROUND: Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the intimate sphere could be a trigger, a modulator, a maintenance factor, or the result of the panic disorder and agoraphobia. The consequences of panic disorder include increased demands on the non-affected partner to adapt, which may prove to be too challenging for some to manage. Panic disorder and agoraphobia can also change earlier relationship patterns which may result in partnership dysfunction. This review explores the effect of panic disorder and agoraphobia upon partnership problems and satisfaction. METHOD: Relevant studies were identified via PubMed and Web of Science, published between January 1970 and April 2020. The search terms included "panic disorder", "agoraphobia", "marital problems", "marital conflicts" and "marital adjustment". Further references were found in reviews, books, and book chapters of the relevant papers. A total of 1154 articles were nominated by primary assortment using the keywords in different combinations. After selecting according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluating the complete texts and searching for secondary documents, 173 papers were finally chosen. RESULTS: Problems in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of the panic disorder and agoraphobia and could also function as modulating and maintenance factors. Panic disorder and agoraphobia often have a negative influence on the relationship and the non-affected partner. Partnership problems can be both a precursor and a consequence of panic disorder and agoraphobia.
- MeSH
- agorafobie MeSH
- konflikt v rodině MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manželství MeSH
- osobní uspokojení MeSH
- panická porucha * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Purpose: The investigation aimed to explore the association between personality traits, stressful life events, quality of life on anthropometric characteristics (waist/height ratio and percentage of visceral fat). Method: A total of 227 participants took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Type-D Scale (DS-14), EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and demographic questionnaire. Two anthropometric parameters were measured: Waist/height ratio and Percentage of the visceral fat. Results: The average age of participants was 39.6±12.9 years, 60.4% women. The 41.8% of participants were overweight or obese. Regression analysis found a significant link between Harm-avoidance and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) with Waist/height ratio in women and Reward dependence and Cooperativeness with Waist/height ratio in men. In regression analysis, the score of life events (SRRS) has statistically significant linked to Percentage of the visceral fat in women. The regression analysis also found a significant link between Novelty seeking, DS14, Negative affectivity, and EQ-5D VAS with Percentage of the visceral fat in women. Conclusion: Significant associations between live events, personality traits, and body anthropometric measures were recognized. The differences were recognized between women and men. Outcomes propose some promising tools by which personality factors may influence overweight and obesity.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Poland, Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic are countries with high alcohol consumption, and alcohol-induced disorders are in the ten leading causes of Years Lost due to Disability. Therefore it is necessary to study factors as insight, motivation, and readiness to change for the better understanding the variables which are in probably connected with therapeutic effectiveness. AIM: The purpose of the study was to examine the state of readiness to change at the beginning and the end of inpatient short (six weeks) and long (12 weeks) therapeutic program in the Slovak Republic, Poland, and the Czech Republic, and look for the relationship between readiness to change, insight, and motivation in alcohol-dependent persons. METHODS: We studied a sample of 380 alcohol-dependent inpatients (282 men and 98 women) by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ), and Demographic Questionnaire. RESULTS: The unmarried patients declare a higher severity of alcohol dependence than married or divorced ones in AUDIT questionnaire. At the beginning of the treatment, the majority of patients declared Action (68.5%) or Preparation (26.3%) motivation stage according to RCQ questionnaire. At the end of the treatment, married patients showed higher readiness to change in domain Taking steps of SOCRATES questionnaire. The unmarried patients displayed the decrease of domain Ambivalence. The duration of the completed therapeutic program may not be crucial for improvement in preparedness to change. CONCLUSIONS: The intention and motivation to alcohol dependence treatment seem to be high at the beginning of the treatment, but recognition of the alcohol problems were low in highly dependent patients. Marital status was connected with an increased active component for readiness to change. The passive component (decreasing the ambivalence) was observed in the unmarried patients.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus psychologie terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy komplikace MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manželský stav MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- pacienti hospitalizovaní psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Background: Alarming somatic symptoms, in particular, cardiovascular symptoms, are the characteristic feature of panic attacks. Increased cardiac mortality and morbidity have been found in these patients. Power spectral analysis of electrocardiogram R-R intervals is known to be a particularly successful tool in the detection of autonomic instabilities in various clinical disorders. Our study aimed to compare patients with panic disorder and healthy controls in heart rate variation (HRV) parameters (very-low-frequency [VLF], low-frequency [LF], and high-frequency [HF] band components of R-R interval) in baseline and during the response to the mental task. Subjects and methods: We assessed psychophysiological variables in 33 patients with panic disorder (10 men, 23 women; mean age 35.9±10.7 years) and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (10 men, 23 women; mean age 35.8±12.1 years). Patients were treatment naïve. Heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and HRV in basal conditions and after the psychological task were assessed. Power spectrum was computed for VLF (0.003-0.04 Hz), LF (0.04-0.15 Hz), and HF (0.15-0.40 Hz) bands using fast Fourier transformation. Results: In the baseline period, the VLF band was significantly lower in panic disorder group compared to controls (p<0.005). In the period of mental task, the LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in panic disorder patients compared to controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the remaining parameters. There was a significant difference in ΔHF and ΔLF/HF ratio between patients and controls, with Δ increasing in patients and decreasing in controls. Conclusion: These findings revealed that patients suffering from panic disorder were characterized by relative sympathetic dominance (reactivity) in response to mental stress compared with healthy controls.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this article is to describe the protocol of a trial focusing on the psychological, anthropometric, cardiac, and psychophysiological factors contributing to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As background, the article provides a short overview of research literature linking personal traits, maladaptive schemas, and coping styles with CVDs through reactivity of the autonomic nervous system.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
