The occurrence of technological damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats reared and slaughtered in the Czech Republic was monitored by evaluation and analyzing results of post mortem inspections of official veterinarians from slaughterhouses in the period from 2010 to 2019. We found that technological damage was the most common in pigs, and less common in cattle, sheep and goats. Compared to other species, pigs have statistically the highest occurrence of lung congestion (51.9%–19.3%, in the order: sows, finishing pigs, piglets), insufficient technology processing (0.200%–0.018%, in the order: sows, finishing pigs, piglets), delayed evisceration (0.04%–0.02%, in the order: finishing pigs, sows, piglets), muscle spoilage (0.033%–0.004%, in the order: piglets, finishing pigs, sows) and over-scalding (0.028%–0.013%, in the order: finishing pigs, piglets, sows). Compared to other species, cattle have statistically the highest incidence of different sensory deviations (7.42%–0.33%, in the order: calves, dairy cows, heifers, bulls) and insufficient bleeding (4.4%–2.9%, in the order: bulls, heifers, dairy cows, calves). In all monitored animal species, a similar level of the occurrence of contamination during the carcass processing was recorded (0.37%–0.00%). In sheep and goats, technological damage is generally lower than in pigs and cattle.

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of terbuthylazine in surface waters on fish under experimental conditions. Subchronic toxic effects on embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test. The exposure to terbuthylazin showed no effect on mortality, but significant differences (P < 0.0001) were revealed on weight and growth parameters at concentrations of 520 and 820 μg/L. The inhibition of specific growth rate at concentrations of 520 and 820 μg/L was 14% compared to the control group. No significant negative effects on total body length and body weight were observed at lower concentrations (0.9 and 160 μg/L). The concentrations 520 and 820 μg/L were associated with a delay in development compared to other experimental groups and controls. On the basis of weight and growth rate evaluation and determination of developmental stages, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of terbuthylazine was estimated at 160 μg/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) was 520 μg/L. According to these results, the reported environmental concentration of terbuthylazine in Czech rivers does not impact growth, development, morphology, or histology of carp embryos and larvae.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• kapři embryologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• triaziny toxicita   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Simazine is a triazine herbicide which has been used for a long period in agriculture and in the aquatic environment for control of weeds and algae. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to simazine on growth and the development of histopathological changes in selected organs (gills, kidney, liver) in Danio rerio. METHODS: Juvenile growth tests were performed on D. rerio according to the OECD method No. 215. Fish at the age of 20 days were exposed to the environmental simazine concentration commonly detected in Czech rivers (0.06 μg.L-1) and a range of sublethal concentrations of simazine (0.6, 6.0 and 60.0 μg.L-1) for 28 days. RESULTS: There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between the specific growth rates (r) of the test groups and those of both control groups. Histopathological examination revealed pathological changes in fish exposed to a simazine concentration of 60.0 μg.L-1. The values of NOEC and LOEC of simazine were 6.0 μg.L-1 and 60.0 μg.L-1. CONCLUSIONS: The environmental concentration of simazine in Czech rivers did not have any effects on the growth and development of histopathological changes in D. rerio.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• dánio pruhované růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• hepatocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• herbicidy farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• simazin farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• testy subchronické toxicity statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• validační studie jako téma MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Formaldehyde, sodium chloride and potassium permanganate belong to the commonly used substances for fish treatment. The aim is to define and compare their acute toxicity and therapeutic index between two fish species - Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata. DESIGN: To determine acute toxicity of these compounds, the semistatic method was implemented in compliance with the OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test). In each test series, 4 acute toxicity tests were performed. The results were subjected to the probit analysis to determine the 96hLC50 values. Therapeutic index (TI) was calculated with respect to short-term LC50 and effective therapeutic concentrations commonly used for fish treatment. RESULTS: The mean 96hLC50 values for sodium chloride were 21.69 +/- 0.92 g l-1 (TI = 1.4) for P. reticulata and 10.39 +/- 0.12 g l-1 (TI = 1.0) for D. rerio. The acute toxicity of formaldehyde for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 0.12 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 5.24) and for P. reticulata 0.1 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 4.9). The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 1.25 +/- 0.15 mg l-1(TI = 1.5) and for P. reticulata 1.43 +/- 0.05 mg l-1 (TI = 2). CONCLUSION: P. reticulata showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to sodium chloride than D. rerio, whereas D. rerio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to formaldehyde than P. reticulata. The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate was comparable for both fish species. Calculated therapeutic indexes of all tested substances were low; therefore it is important to conduct preliminary tolerance tests before application of treatment baths.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chlorid sodný aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované MeSH
• dezinficiencia aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• manganistan draselný aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• živorodka MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of subchronic exposure to sublethal levels of terbutryn on growth and on histopathological changes in Danio rerio. DESIGN: The acute toxicity tests were performed on the juvenile stage of Danio rerio according to OECD No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. The juvenile growth tests were performed on D. rerio according to the OECD method No. 215. Fish at the age of 20 days were exposed to the terbutryn environmental concentration commonly detected in the Czech rivers (0.02 microg L-1) and the range of sublethal concentrations of terbutryn (0.06, 0.2, 0.6 and 2 mg L-1) for 28 days. RESULTS: The 96hLC50 terbutryn mean value for the juvenile stage of D. rerio was 5.71 +/- 0.46 mg L-1. A significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the fish growth caused by terbutryn was observed in the concentration of 0.6 mg L-1. The value of NOEC was 0.2 mg L-1 and LOEC was 0.6 mg L-1 of terbutryn. We found the damage to tubular system of kidneys in the concentration of 0.6 mg L-1 of terbutryn. CONCLUSION: The environmental concentration of terbutryn in the Czech rivers did not have any effects on growth and on histopathological changes in D. rerio and this concentration is lower than determined LOEC and NOEC values of terbutryn.

• MeSH
• dánio pruhované růst a vývoj   MeSH
• herbicidy aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vodu aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   růst a vývoj   patologie   MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• triaziny aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• velikost těla účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of PAX-18 in different developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The preparation PAX-18, with its active ingredient polyaluminium chloride (9% of Al), is a coagulation agent that is used mainly to precipitate phosphates, to prevent surface water eutrophication and incidences of cyanobacteria. It is applied to the water environment and thus could present a potential risk to fish. DESIGN: The toxicity tests were performed on common carp according to OECD (203, 210) methodologies. The acute toxic effect was evaluated for juveniles and the early development stage effect was observed in embryo-larval toxicity tests. The results of the toxicity tests (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using an EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine the LC50 values of PAX-18. RESULTS: Acute toxicity value expressed as 96hLC50 was 753.1 +/- 24.3 mg.l-1 (67.8 mg.l-1 Al). Effect on early development stage expressed as the no observed effect concentration was 10 mg.l-1 (0.9 mg.l-1 Al), the lowest observed effect concentration was 50 mg.l-1 (4.5 mg.l-1 Al). No significant effects of the preparation PAX-18 in concentrations of 50 mg.l-1 of PAX-18 and lower were found on hatching, length and weight parameters, morphology and histopathology. CONCLUSION: The lethal concentration of PAX-18 found in acute toxicity tests on common carp was 7-14 times higher than the concentration which is usually applied to water (5-10 mg.l-1 Al). Moreover, fish in eutrophicated water sources are exposed to PAX-18 concentrations corresponding with the lowest observed effect concentration only for a short time, therefore the effect on them can be considered as minimal.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky toxicita   MeSH
• hydroxid hlinitý aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• kapři embryologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• polymery aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Anaesthetics are used in aquaculture to prevent stress and mechanical damage to fish during handling or the treatment of fish in breeding, blood sampling and other veterinary interventions. Clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol are used in the Czech Republic in a water bath for the short-term immobilization of the fish. DESIGN: Acute toxicity tests were performed on aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is considered to be one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test) was used for testing juvenile fish. Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (D. rerio) in compliance with the OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results obtained (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme in order to determine LC50 clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol values. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of D. rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. RESULTS: The LC50 clove oil mean value was 18.8 +/- 5.52 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, and 15.64 +/- 3.30 mg.L-1 in embryonic stages of D. rerio. The LC50 2-phenoxyethanol mean value was 338.22 +/- 15.22 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, whereas in embryonic stages of D. rerio it was 486.35 +/- 25.53 mg.L-1. CONCLUSIONS: The study proved statistically significantly higher (p<0.01) sensitivity in juvenile fish to 2-phenoxyethanol compared to the embryonic stages. Acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile and embryonic stages were comparable.

• MeSH
• anestetika toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované fyziologie   MeSH
• ethylenglykoly toxicita   MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej toxicita   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• oleje rostlin toxicita   MeSH
• Syzygium toxicita   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH