The aim of this study was to assess the quality of raw cow's milk from an automatic milking system. Samples of milk (48) were analyzed chemically and microbiologically and the somatic cell count, freezing point and inhibitor residues were determined. For comparison purposes, milk analysis data from two farms using conventional machine milking and 2008 milk analysis report data for the Czech Republic were used. All physical and chemical characteristics of the study samples were within the established limits. The average content (%) of chemical indicators was following: fat 3.79 ± 0.18, protein 3.46 ± 0.06, casein 2.67 ± 0.09, lactose 4.82 ± 0.04 and NFS 8.96 ± 0.11. The values for freezing point and somatic cells count were 221 ± 46.103·ml-1 and -0.521 ± 0.003 °C respectively. No inhibitor residue was detected in any of the samples. Microbiological values were lower than the limits: the total microbial count (2.3·104 CFU·ml-1), psychrotrophic count (6.3·103 CFU·ml-1), coliform count (2.4·101 CFU·ml-1), Escherichia coli count (3.2·101 CFU·ml-1), enterococci count (8.5·101 CFU·ml-1) and Staphylococcus aureus count (1.1·101 CFU·ml-1). The study provides a comprehensive view on the quality of milk produced by robotic milking. The automatic milking system seems to be excellent in terms of milking and milk hygiene
- Klíčová slova
- robotické dojení, somatické buňky,
- MeSH
- analýza potravin MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko * chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- tranzitní teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable method for determination of tablet coating thickness. Tablets were coated with polymeric Pharmacoat® 606 in a laboratory coater. The coating thickness was measured by near-IR absorption of the coating material using calibration. The calibration and validation results afforded the following parameters: determination coefficient R2 > 0.97, the number of factors 6 and the standard error of crossvalidation 5.4 ?m at the coating thickness 25–125 ?m. The obtained results confirmed suitability of the method for evaluation of coating quality.
Cílem této studie bylo vyvinout off-line metodu pro stanovení tloušťky obalu. Na povrch tvrdých hypromelosových tobolek se nanesly polymerní obaly Eudragit® L 12.5 a Eudragit® S 12.5 v obalovacím zařízení se spodním nástřikem typu Wurster. Referenční hodnoty tloušťky obalu pro kalibrační vzorky se získaly mikroskopickou analýzou. Kalibrační model byl vytvořen pomocí chemometrických metod (PLS algoritmus). Na základě výsledků kalibrace a validace byly získány následující parametry: koeficienty determinace R2 byly větší než 0,98 a chyba křížové validace byla 6,6 µm (pro tloušťky obalu v rozsahu 15–235 µm) pro EL film a 8,3 µm (pro tloušťky obalu v rozsahu 30–230 µm) pro ES film. Získané výsledky potvrzují vhodnost blízké infračervené spektroskopie při kontrole kvality procesu obalování ve farmaceutickém průmyslu.
The aim of this study was to develop the method for off-line determination of hard capsules coating thickness. The polymer films studied were Eudragit® L 12.5 and Eudragit® S 12.5 applied on hypromellose capsules surface in a bottom-spray fluid-bed coater equipped with a Wurster column. The coating thickness reference values for calibration were obtained from microscopic analysis. Calibration model was created using partial least squares regression with six factors for Eudragit® L film and five factors for Eudragit® S film. The calibration and validation results led to following parameters: determination coefficients R2 were more than 0.98 and standard error of cross validation was 6.6 µm (coat thickness range was 15–235 µm) for Eudragit® L film and 8.3 µm (coat thickness range was 30–230 µm) for Eudragit® S film, respectively. Obtained results confirmed suitability of near infrared spectroscopy for coating process quality control in pharmaceutical industry.
- MeSH
- imunologické faktory chemie MeSH
- laktoferrin chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
