- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Nealkoholová tuková choroba pečene (NAFLD – non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) zahrňuje celé spektrum ochorení od jednoduchého stukovatenia pečene, cez nealkoholovú steatohepatitídu (NASH) až po progresiu do cirhózy pečene. NAFLD je považovaná za celosvetovo najčastejšie chronické ochorenie pečene so stúpajúcou prevalenciou a predpokladá sa, že v budúcnosti bude najčastejšou indikáciou transplantácie pečene. Nakoľko NAFLD postihuje stále väčšiu časť populácie a biopsia pečene je invazívny diagnostický zákrok, je nutné rozvíjať neinvazívne diagnostické a screeningové modality. Biochemické ukazovatele zahrňujúce markery zápalu, oxidačného stresu, apoptózy, fibrogenézy a skórovacie systémy na detekciu steatózy a fibrózy majú svoj význam v diagnostike NAFLD. Pretože izolované biochemické parametre neboli dostatočne špecifické a senzitívne pre predikciu prítomnosti NASH a fibrózy, je tendencia použitia rôznych markerov a kombinovať ich v matematických algoritmoch. Bolo vyvinutých viacero prediktívnych modelov a skórovacích systémov. Podľa najnovších štúdií skupiny viacerých parametrov (NAFLD fibrosis skóre, FIB-4, BARD skóre) sú diagnosticky najvýpovednejšie a môžu minimalizovať nutnosť biopsie pečene. Zobrazovacie metódy ako ultrasonografia, tranzientná elastografia, real-time elastografia, dynamická shear waves elastografia, elastografia s ultrazvukovým tlakovým impulzom (metóda ARFI – acoustic radiation force imaging) zohrávajú významnú úlohu v diagnostike NAFLD. Nové trendy neinvazívnej diagnostiky sa stále diskutujú a prehodnocuje sa ich klinická využiteľnosť. Práca prehľadne pojednáva o aktuálnych biochemických a zobrazovacích metódach, vyhodnocuje ich diagnostickú presnosť a použitie v klinickej praxi.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a range of disorders including simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and progression to liver cirrhosis. It is the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide. Its prevalence continues to rise and it is likely to become the most common indication for liver transplantation in the future. As this disease affects much of the population and liver biopsy is an invasive diagnostic tool, the development of non-invasive diagnostic and screening tools is needed. Markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, scoring models for detecting hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis are important for the diagnostics of NAFLD. As isolated biochemical parameters are not specific or sensitive enough to predict the presence of NASH and fibrosis, there is a tendency to use various markers and combine them into mathematical algorithms. Several predictive models and scoring systems have been developed. Current data suggest that panels of markers (NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4 score, and BARD score) are useful diagnostic modalities to minimize the number of liver biopsies. Imaging methods (ultrasound, transient elastography, real-time elastography, dynamic shear waves elastography, and acoustic radiation force impuls elastography) are important in the diagnostics of NAFLD. Actual tendencies of non-invasive diagnostics are constantly being discussed and their clinical applicability is being evaluated. The review summarizes current biochemical and imaging methods and concentrates on the evaluation of their diagnostic accuracies and suitability in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve metody MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- elastografie metody využití MeSH
- fibróza diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
AIM: Cancer mortality distribution was investigated by detailed neoplasms groups, age, sex, marital status of deceased, and regions in the Slovak Republic, and examined how these determinants influence the odds of dying due to cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cancer mortality statistics registered in the Slovak Republic during the years 1996-2014. For this time period, data was available only on the underlying subgroups of cancer deaths, place of death, age, year, sex, and marital status. Binary logistic regression was applied for odds of dying calculation influenced by these socio-demographic factors. RESULTS: The most common are deaths from malignant neoplasms of digestive organs in males as well as females. The biggest difference among both genders is recognized in malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, where deaths among males are on average 7.9 times higher in comparison to females. As for place of death the Bratislava region reports the highest level of cancer mortality stated at 25.22% of all deaths, on the contrary the Banská Bystrica region reports only 21.40% of all deaths. Age has a negative influence on odds of dying due to neoplasms compared to all other causes of death by 1.7%. In all regions compared to the reference Bratislava region, the odds of dying from neoplasms are lower. Being female diminishes the odds of dying due to neoplasms by 25.7% compared to males. Yearly the relative ratio of dying from neoplasms increases with respect to all other causes of death. When single people are set as the reference category, the relation of the probability of death from cancer to the probability of death due to other causes of death is higher for married, divorced and widowed persons. CONCLUSIONS: The results should be taken into account when comparing risk of dying due to cancer among people with the mentioned sociodemographic characteristics. Health policy makers should consider place of death and cancer types while planning hospital care units.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manželský stav MeSH
- nádory mortalita MeSH
- příčina smrti MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
