Colabomycin E is a new member of the manumycin-type metabolites produced by the strain Streptomyces aureus SOK1/5-04 and identified by genetic screening from a library of streptomycete strains. The structures of colabomycin E and accompanying congeners were resolved. The entire biosynthetic gene cluster was cloned and expressed in Streptomyces lividans. Bioinformatic analysis and mutagenic studies identified components of the biosynthetic pathway that are involved in the formation of both polyketide chains. Recombinant polyketide synthases (PKSs) assembled from the components of colabomycin E and asukamycin biosynthetic routes catalyzing the biosynthesis of "lower" carbon chains were constructed and expressed in S. aureus SOK1/5-04 ΔcolC11-14 deletion mutant. Analysis of the metabolites produced by recombinant strains provided evidence that in both biosynthetic pathways the length of the lower carbon chain is controlled by an unusual chain-length factor supporting biosynthesis either of a triketide in asukamycin or of a tetraketide in colabomycin E. Biological activity assays indicated that colabomycin E significantly inhibited IL-1β release from THP-1 cells and might thus potentially act as an anti-inflammatory agent.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- bicyklické sloučeniny heterocyklické chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- interleukin-1beta sekrece MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- polynenasycené alkamidy chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Streptomyces chemie metabolismus MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Soil aggregates between 2 and 5 mm from 35- and 45-year-old unreclaimed post-mining sites near Sokolov (Czech Republic) were divided into two groups: spherical and prismatic. X-ray tomography indicated that prismatic aggregates consisted of fragments of claystone bonded together by amorphous clay and roots while spherical aggregates consisted of a clay matrix and organic fragments of various sizes. Prismatic aggregates were presumed to be formed by plant roots and physical processes during weathering of Tertiary mudstone, while earthworms were presumed to contribute to the formation of spherical aggregates. The effects of drying and rewetting and glucose addition on microbial respiration, microbial biomass, and counts of bacteria in these aggregates were determined. Spherical aggregates contained a greater percentage of C and N and a higher C-to-N ratio than prismatic ones. The C content of the particulate organic matter was also higher in the spherical than in the prismatic aggregates. Although spherical aggregates had a higher microbial respiration and biomass, the growth of microbial biomass in spherical aggregates was negatively correlated with initial microbial biomass, indicating competition between bacteria. Specific respiration was negatively correlated with microbial biomass. Direct counts of bacteria were higher in spherical than in prismatic aggregates. Bacterial numbers were more stable in the center than in the surface layers of the aggregates. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that bacteria often occurred as individual cells in prismatic aggregates but as small clusters of cells in spherical aggregates. Ratios of colony forming units (cultivatable bacteria) to direct counts were higher in spherical than in prismatic aggregates. Spherical aggregates also contained faster growing bacteria.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií MeSH
- hornictví MeSH
- Oligochaeta fyziologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Three types of Miocene claystones (amorphous, lamellar, and transitional) were aseptically sampled from depths of 30 m and 150 m below the soil surface. Respiration of these sediments was measured under conditions that prevented inoculation by other microorganisms not indigenous to the claystones in situ. Microbial respiration was higher in lamellar than amorphous claystones and was not affected by sampling depth. During cultivation, microbial biomass (as indicated by PLFA) significantly increased. Microbial biomass after cultivation was significantly higher in sediments from 30 m than from 150 m depth. Both microbial respiration and biomass increased after glucose addition.
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- Bacteria metabolismus MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- extrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
- fosfolipidy analýza MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- houby metabolismus MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva fyziologie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- půda analýza MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- silikáty hliníku analýza klasifikace MeSH
- zkameněliny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Častými „kontaminantami" zachycenými při mykobakteriologické kultivaci dekontaminovaných vzorků jsou bakterie řádu Actinomycetales. Jsou to obvykle bakterie klasifikované v čeledi Corynehacterineae rodů Corynebacteríum, Dietzia, Gordonia, Nocardia, Rhodococcus a Tsukamurella. Tyto bakterie často kolonizují dýchací cesty a za určitých podmínek mohou vyvolat život ohrožující onemocnění. U pacientů s těžkou imunodeficiencí jsou pravidelným vyvolavatelem život ohrožujících infekcí bakterie rodu Nocardia. Jsou to vláknité bakterie, vytvářející v kultuře vzdušné mycelium, jsou částečně acidorezistentní a jsou rezistentní na lysozym. Vyvolávají nokardiózu, tj. vzácné ale závažné onemocnění pacientů s různými typy imunodeficience. Diferenciálně diagnosticky je třeba odlišit rody Streptomyces, Actinomadura, Nocardiopsis a další půdní saprofyty, které nejsou acidorezistentní, jsou citlivé na lysozym a rychleji rostou. Často kolonizují dýchací cesty u pacientů s postižením plic, onemocnění vyvolávají velmi vzácně. Diagnostika aerobních aktinomycet a vyšetření citlivosti na antibiotika mají svá úskalí vyplývající z delší růstové doby, obtížné barvitelnosti a necharakteristických biochemických reakcí. K přesné identifikaci do rodu a species je nutná polyfázová identifikace izolatu s využitím metod molekulární mikrobiologie. Při včasné diagnóze bývají infekce vyvolané aerobními aktinomycetami dobře léčitelné cílenou terapií antibiotiky.
Frequent "contaminants" detected during mycobacterial culture of decontaminated samples are bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. These are usually bacteria classified as the family Corynebacterineae, genera Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Gordonia, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Tsukamurella. These bacteria frequently colonize the airways and, under certain circumstances, they may cause life-threatening diseases. In severely immunocompromised patients, they regularly cause life-threatening infections with bacteria of the genus Nocardia. These filamentous bacteria, developing aerial mycelium in the culture, are partly acid-resistant and resistant to lysozyme. They cause nocardiosis, a rare but serious disease in patients with various types of immune deficiency. Differential diagnosis must distinguish between the genera Streptomyces, Actinomadura and Nocardiopsis and other soil saprophytes that are not acid-resistant, sensitive to lysozyme and faster growing. They frequently colonize the airways of patients with lung disease but very rarely cause diseases. The diagnosis of aerobic actinomycetes and determination of their sensitivity to antibiotics are problematic since they grow longer, are difficult to stain and are involved in atypical biochemical reactions. Precise identification of the genera and species requires polyphasic identification of isolates using molecular microbiology methods. If diagnosed early, infections caused by aerobic actinomycetes are easy to treat with targeted antibiotic therapy.
- Klíčová slova
- léčba, vyšetření citlivosti, identifikace, diagnostika, Tsukamurella, Gordonia, Dietzia, dekontaminované vzorky,
- MeSH
- Actinomycetales klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- Corynebacterium MeSH
- epidemiologie MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi řádu Actinomycetales diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mycobacterium růst a vývoj MeSH
- Nocardia MeSH
- nokardióza MeSH
- Rhodococcus MeSH
- Streptomyces MeSH
- tuberkulóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The molecular diversity of Archaea in a bat guano pile in Cave Domica (Slovakia), temperate cave ecosystem with significant bat colony (about 1600 individuals), was examined. The guano pile was created mainly by an activity of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) and provides a source of organic carbon and other nutrients in the oligotrophic subsurface ecosystem. The upper and the basal parts of guano surface were sampled where the latter one had higher pH and higher admixture of limestone bedrock and increased colonization of invertebrates. The relative proportion of Archaea determined using CARD-FISH in both parts was 3.5-3.9 % (the basal and upper part, respectively). The archaeal community was dominated by non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota (99 % of clones). Phylogenetic analysis of 115 16S rDNA sequences revealed the presence of Crenarchaeota previously isolated from temperate surface soils (group 1.1b, 62 clones), deep subsurface acid waters (group 1.1a, 52 clones) and Euryarchaeota (1 clone). Four of the analyzed sequences were found to have little similarity to those in public databases. The composition of both archaeal communities differed, with respect to higher diversity of Archaea in the upper part of the bat guano pile. High diversity archaeal population is present in the bat guano deposit and consists of both soil- and subsurface-born Crenarchaeota.
- MeSH
- Archaea genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- Chiroptera mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA archebakterií genetika MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- feces chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
