Background: Dance is a complex activity combining physical exercise with cognitive, social, and artistic stimulation. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of dance intervention (DI) on intra and inter-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and its association to cognitive changes in a group of non-demented elderly participants. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: DI and life as usual (LAU). Six-month-long DI consisted of supervised 60 min lessons three times per week. Resting-state fMRI data were processed using independent component analysis to evaluate the intra and inter-network connectivity of large-scale brain networks. Interaction between group (DI, LAU) and visit (baseline, follow-up) was assessed using ANOVA, and DI-induced changes in rs-FC were correlated with cognitive outcomes. Results: Data were analyzed in 68 participants (DI; n = 36 and LAU; n = 32). A significant behavioral effect was found in the attention domain, with Z scores increasing in the DI group and decreasing in the LAU group (p = 0.017). The DI as compared to LAU led to a significant rs-FC increase of the default mode network (DMN) and specific inter-network pairings, including insulo-opercular and right frontoparietal/frontoparietal control networks (p = 0.019 and p = 0.023), visual and language/DMN networks (p = 0.012 and p = 0.015), and cerebellar and visual/language networks (p = 0.015 and p = 0.003). The crosstalk of the insulo-opercular and right frontoparietal networks were associated with attention/executive domain Z-scores (R = 0.401, p = 0.015, and R = 0.412, p = 0.012). Conclusion: The DI led to intervention-specific complex brain plasticity changes that were of cognitive relevance.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Dance is a complex sensorimotor activity with positive effects on physical fitness, cognition, and brain plasticity in the aging population. We explored whether individual levels of cognitive reserve (CR) proxied by education moderate dance intervention (DI)-induced plasticity assessed by resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) changes of the sensorimotor network (SMN), and between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and anterior default mode network (aDMN). Our cohort consisted of 99 subjects, randomly assigned to either a DI group who underwent a 6-month intervention (n = 49, Mage = 69.02 ± 5.40) or a control group (n = 50, Mage = 69.37 ± 6.10). Moderation analyses revealed that CR moderated DI-induced increase of the SMN rs-FC with significant changes observed in participants with ≥ 15 years of education (b = 0.05, t(62) = 3.17, p = 0.002). Only DI alone was a significant predictor of the DAN-aDMN crosstalk change (b = 0.06, t(64) = 2.16, p = 0.035). The rs-FC increase in the SMN was correlated with an improved physical fitness measure, and changes in the DAN-aDMN connectivity were linked to better performance on figural fluency. Consistent with the passive CR hypothesis, we observed that CR correlated only with baseline behavioral scores, not their change.

• MeSH
• kognitivní rezerva * MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuroplasticita * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tanec * MeSH
• terapie tancem MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of a six-month intensive dance-exercise intervention (DI) on cognition and brain structure in a mixed group of healthy seniors and people with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: Subjects (aged ˃ 60 years with no dementia or depression) were randomly assigned to either a DI group or a life as usual (LAU) group. Detailed neuropsychological testing, measures of physical fitness and brain MRI encompassing T1 structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed at baseline and after 6 months. We assessed changes in cortical thickness and DTI parameters derived from tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS: Altogether 62 individuals (n = 31 in the DI group) completed the protocol. The groups were matched for their demographic and clinical variables. After 6 months, we found significant cortical thickening in the right inferior temporal, fusiform and lateral occipital regions in the dancers compared to controls. Significant increases of radial and mean diffusivity were observed in various white matter tracts in the dancers; however, no differences were observed between the DI and LAU groups. The DI group as compared to the LAU group showed subtle improvements in executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: We observed DI-induced improvement in executive functions and increases of cortical thickness in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex which is engaged in action observation, visuomotor integration and action imitation, that is activities that are all important for motor learning and executing skilled movements.

• MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek * MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tanec * MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Using multishell diffusion MRI and both tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tracking of specific tracts of interest, we evaluated the neural underpinnings of the impact of a six-month dance intervention (DI) on physical fitness and cognitive outcomes in nondemented seniors. The final cohort had 76 nondemented seniors, randomized into DI and control (life as usual) groups. Significant effects were observed between the DI and control groups in physical fitness measures and in attention. We detected associations between improved physical fitness and changes in diffusion tensor imagining (DTI) measures in the whole white matter (WM) skeleton and in the corticospinal tract and the superior longitudinal fascicle despite the fact that no significant differences in changes to the WM microstructure were found between the two groups.

• MeSH
• bílá hmota anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tanec * MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Dance-movement intervention (DMI) offers multi-component stimulation of cognitive functions, and it may ameliorate cognitive deficits in the elderly. We investigated the effects of intensive DMI on the cognitive performances of healthy seniors (HS) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, we evaluated whether the baseline MRI hippocampus-to-cortex volume (HV:CTV) ratio (i.e., a marker of a typical AD-specific brain atrophy and of distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain) has any impact on the DMI-induced cognitive changes. The research cohort consisted of 99 subjects who were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to a DMI group or to a control (life-as-usual) group. The DMI group consisted of 49 subjects with an average age of 69.16 years (SD = 5.36), of which 34 were HS (69.4%) and 15 had MCI (30.6%). The control group consisted of 50 subjects aged 68.37 years (SD = 6.10), of which 31 were HC (62%) and 19 (38%) had MCI. The DMI group underwent a 6-month intervention, which consisted of 60 lessons supervised by a qualified instructor. Statistical analysis yielded a significant improvement of the figural fluency task as measured by the five-point test in the DMI group as compared to the control group [t (97) = 2.72; p = 0.008]. The baseline HV:CTV ratio was not associated with cognitive changes on that task or with changes in any cognitive domain's Z scores. We observed DMI-induced effect on the test evaluating executive functions across the spectrum of HS and MCI, which was not dependent on the magnitude of AD-related brain pathology.

• MeSH
• atrofie patologie   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce patologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• terapie tancem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Objective: The major objective of this study was to investigate the influence of six months dance inter-vention program on the level of functional fitness and postural stability in the elderly. Methods: The exercise program was carried out three times a week and included 60 dance exercise sessions. 60 elderly participated in the study (67.5 ± 5.69 years), 30 in a dance intervention group (weight: 70.32 ± 13.59kg; BMI 25.95 ± 3.79 kg/m2), 30 in a control group (weight: 76.93 ± 15.45kg; BMI 27.06 ± 3.88 kg/m2). Three subtests (6Min Walk Test, Chair Stand Test, 8 Foot up and Go Test) were used to determine the level of functional fitness from the Senior fitness test battery; the static posturography method assessed the level of balance abilities in one position. Results: The most meaningful results to emerge from the data are that the intervention dance program led to a post-exercise increase in the level of agility, dynamic balance and reaction speed measured by 8 Foot up Go test in the intervention group. The results indicate a statistically significant difference value in the intervention group compared to the control group between post-test results (p = 0.01). Values of the other monitored parameters were not statistically significant. The Cohen coefficient d reflects the low (8 Foot up and Gotest, 6 Min Walk test) or medium value (Chair Stand test) of the intervention program›s effectiveness.Conclusions: Our study suggests, that intervention dance program could significantly improve the level of agility, dynamic balance and reaction speed.

• Klíčová slova
• Senior fitness test,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• neurofyziologický monitoring metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• podpora zdraví * metody   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• tanec * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Cílem této studie je ověřit psychometrické vlastnosti české adaptace zkrácené osmipoložkové Škály vytrvalosti (Grit-S) na základě analýzy položek, reliability ve smyslu vnitřní konzistence, obsahové a souběžné validity. Výzkumný soubor čítal 338 respondentů, z nichž bylo 209 (61,8 %) ženského a 129 (38,2 %) mužského pohlaví ve věkovém rozpětí 15–76 let (M = 28,39; sd= 10,5). Výsledky svědčí o uspokojivé reliabilitě i validitě škály. Zároveň byl nalezen signifikantní pozitivní vztah skóru této škály s věkem. Výsledky jsou konfrontovány s psychometrickými vlastnostmi originální škály a diskutovány ve světle zahraničních výsledků. Česká adaptace Grit-S je součástí tohoto příspěvku.

The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of Czech adaptation of the 8-item Short Grit Scale based on item analysis, internal consistency, content and convergent validity. The sample of 338 respondents included 209 (61.8 %) female and 129 (38.2 %) male participants between 15 and 76 years of age (M = 28.39; sd = 10.5). The results suggest satisfactory reliability and validity. Comparative analyses of demographic factors (age and gender) revealed a significant positive relationship between age and grit. The results are compared with the psychometric properties of the original scale and related studies. The Czech version of Grit-S is attached.

• Klíčová slova
• škála vytrvalosti,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• psychometrie * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Cíl: Cílem studie je ověření psychometrických vlastností Token testu (TT) na populaci českých seniorů a jedinců s neurodegenerativním onemocněním mozku. Soubor a metodika: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo celkem 96 osob (průměrný věk 67,7 let). Soubor sestával ze 43 zdravých kontrol (ZK), 23 osob s počínající Alzheimerovou demencí nebo s mírnou kognitivní poruchou při Alzheimerově nemoci (AD + MKP) a 30 osob s Parkinsonovou nemocí (PN). Výsledky: Významné rozdíly ve výkonu v TT byly nalezeny mezi skupinami ZK a AD + MKP (p < 0,001) a také mezi PN a AD + MKP (p < 0,001). Nejvyšší souběžná validita TT se ukázala s bezprostřední reprodukcí Reyovy-Osterriethovy komplexní figury (ρ = 0,524; p < 0,001), Bostonským testem pojmenování (ρ = 0,498; p < 0,001) a Mississippským skríningovým testem afázie (ρ = 0,486; p < 0,001). ROC analýza TT svědčí o dobré rozlišovací schopnosti u skupiny AD + MKP (AUC = 0,826), ale nikoli u PN (AUC = 0,555). Závěr: TT nehodnotí selektivně fatické funkce, avšak je selektivní vůči neurogenním poruchám komunikace u pa­cientů s neurodegenerativním onemocněním mozku.

Aim: The study examines psychometric properties of the Czech version of the Token Test (TT) on a population of Czech seniors and individuals with neurodegenerative brain diseases. Participants and methods: The study included 96 individuals (mean age 67.7 years), of whom 43 were healthy controls (HC), 23 had incipient Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD + MCI), and 30 had Parkinson's disease (PD). Results: Significant differences in TT performance were found between the sample groups HC and AD + MCI (p < 0.001) and between PD and AD + MCI (p < 0.001). The highest convergent validity of TT was with the immediate reproduction of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ρ = 0.524; p < 0.001), the Boston Naming Test (ρ = 0.498; p < 0.001) and the Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test (ρ = 0.486; p <0.001). ROC analysis showed TT to discriminate with high precision for AD + MCI (AUC = 0.826), not for PN (AUC = 0.826). Conclusion: TT does not selectively evaluate the language function as such but it is selective for neurogenic communication disorders in patients with neurodegenerative brain disease.

• Klíčová slova
• Token test,
• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc MeSH
• poruchy řeči * diagnóza   MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH