OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyse levels of selected heavy metals: chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb), and to recognize factors related to wells' stewardship. METHODS: The pilot study was realized in May 2018 in three villages in northwest of Slovakia. We analysed 69 water samples from private wells. The data on wells and well owners were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. The samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy with graphite furnace GF AAS (AAS GBC XplorAA 5000 with GBC GF 5000) equipped with hollow cathode lamps. Levels of heavy metals were compared with parametric values for drinking water stated in the Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic No. 247/2017 Coll. RESULTS: The results indicated spatial variability in some heavy metal levels. Cadmium was not quantified in any sample. Copper and chromium levels were below the parametric value. Parametric values for manganese and lead were exceeded in 19 (27.5%) and 2 (2.9%) samples, respectively. Only 18 owners tested water quality. Busyness and financial cost most frequently discouraged users to carry out the water quality analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of heavy metals in well water can pose a serious public health problem, especially in rural areas without public water supply. Education on heavy metals' risks targeted at well owners could increase the awareness of the issue and minimize possible public health consequences.
- MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kvalita vody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza MeSH
- zásobování vodou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Analysis of the occurrence of cadmium and chromium in selected samples of fruit spirits intended for own consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our pilot study, we analysed 89 samples of fruit spirits intended for own consumption. The samples were mineralized with use of microwave decomposition system MULTIWAVE 60 50 Hz and analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace (AAS GBC XPLORAA 5000 with GF 5000). RESULTS: Most of the analysed samples originated from plums (39), apples (38) and pears (5). The average ethanol concentration was 53.7%. Cadmium and chromium were detected in all samples. The highest concentration of chromium and cadmium was found in the apple spirit (31.9 ± 6.6 μg/l and 40.1 ± 8.3 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS: The ethanol concentration in the samples was higher than in distribution spirits. Concentrations of chromium in all samples did not exceed the limit given by the Slovak legislation or the limit of the AMPHORA. The permissible cadmium concentration (10 μg/l according to the AMPHORA) was exceeded in 9 samples. This indicates the potential importance of cadmium compared to chromium. Due to the lack of information in this field, the study presents an important starting point for further research.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify personal variables and nonoccupational risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome and to analyse the strength of association of these factors. METHODS: We performed a case-control study with 162 cases and 300 controls. We studied consecutive patients with an electrophysiologically confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome. Univariate analysis was performed in the case group and control comparing them for presence of various risk factors. Multivariate analysis was carried out through logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean BMI and age were greater in the case group than in the control. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.11) and arterial hypertension (OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 2.88-7.44) were the only factors significantly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. The age, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were at the edge of significance. CONCLUSIONS: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral neuropathy and has been related to occupational activities in some but not all studies. Clarifying this relationship has important implications for workers' compensation systems. Based on our findings, BMI and arterial hypertension are considered to be the most significant risk factors of carpal tunnel syndrome in our study.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- syndrom karpálního tunelu * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of lead in selected samples of fruit distilled spirits for own consumptions in terms of possible contribution to the occurrence of alcohol-attributable diseases. METHODS: In a pilot study, we analysed 18 samples of fruit spirits for own consumption. Most of the samples were distilled in the local growing distilleries in the Žilina Region with exception of 3 samples collected in the Trnava Region (one of them was of Hungarian origin). Sample preparation included previous mineralization with use of microwave decomposition system Multiwave 60 50 Hz. The samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy with graphic furnace (AAS GBC XplorAA 5000 with GF 5000). RESULTS: The average ethanol level in our samples was higher in comparison with distributed spirits. We detected lead in all samples. In two of them the concentration was lower than the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The highest lead concentrations were observed in plum spirit from Hungary (581.0 μg/l), and in grape spirit made in the Trnava Region (466.3 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS: Lead is a widespread contaminant of fruit spirits prepared for own consumption. Taking into consideration its common occurrence and possible multiplicative effect with ethanol, we can assume that lead can contribute to the occurrence of several alcohol-attributable chronic diseases. Due to the insufficient information in this field, our results provide significant insight into the issue and present an important starting point for further research.
- MeSH
- alkoholické nápoje analýza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami * metody MeSH
- olovo * MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Maďarsko MeSH
Nové trendy v liečbe rakoviny sa spájajú s rozvojom presne cielených terapeutík, s účinkom na rakovinové bunky a zameraním na špecifické biologické dráhy. Úloha onkoproteínov a tumor-supresorových proteínov v proliferačnej signalizácii, regulácii bunkového cyklu a pozmenenej adhézii je už dobre preskúmaná. Chemické látky, vírusy a žiarenie sú tiež všeobecne prijímanými faktormi, ktoré vyvolávajú mutácie v génoch kódujúcich proteíny súvisiace s tvorbou rakoviny. Nedávne experimenty ukázali, že existujú dva nové kľúčové faktory pôsobiace na proliferujúce bunky – hypoxia a nedostatok glukózy. Tieto môžu iniciovať a podporovať proces malígnej transformácie v malom množstve buniek, ktorým sa podarilo uniknúť bunkovému starnutiu. Neregulovaná bunková proliferácia vedie k tvorbe bunkovej masy presahujúcej svoje rezervy, čo znižuje množstvo kyslíka a živín. Vzniknutý stav hypoxie iniciuje ďalšie kľúčové úpravy, ktoré umožňujú prežitie nádorových buniek. Proces apoptózy je potlačený a metabolizmus glukózy pozmenený. Nedávne experimenty naznačili, že vyčerpanie zásob kyslíka stimuluje mitochondrie, aby spracovávali väčšie množstvá reaktívnych foriem kyslíka (ROS). Aktivujú sa tak signálne dráhy, ako je hypoxiu-indukujúci faktor 1, ktoré podporujú prežívanie nádorových buniek a rast nádorov. Mitochondrie sú čoraz častejšie považované za kľúčové organely podieľajúce sa na chemoterapii, a preto je dôležité nájsť spôsob ako aktivovať apoptózu v mitochondriách za podmienok hypoxie, určiť vzťah medzi mitochondriami, ROS signalizáciou a procesmi aktivujúcimi prežívanie buniek. Každé nové zistenie môže otvoriť cestu pre pochopenie a odhalenie podstaty rakoviny a následné vytvorenie na mieru šitej terapie.
New insights into cancer cells – specific biological pathways are urgently needed to promote development of exactly targeted therapeutics. The role of oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins in proliferative signaling, cell cycle regulation and altered adhesion is well established. Chemicals, viruses and radiation are also generally accepted as agents that commonly induce mutations in genes encoding these cancer-inducing proteins, thereby giving rise to cancer. More recent evidence indicates the importance of two additional key factors imposed on proliferating cells – hypoxia and/or lack of glucose. These two additional triggers can initiate and promote the process of malignant transformation, when a low percentage of cells escape cellular senescence. Disregulated cell proliferation leads to formation of cellular masses that extend beyond the resting vasculature, resulting in oxygen and nutrient deprivation. Resulting hypoxia triggers a number of critical adaptations that enable cancer cell survival. The process of apoptosis is suppressed and glucose metabolism is altered. Recent investigations suggest that oxygen depletion stimulates mitochondria to compensate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). It activates signaling pathways, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1, that promote cancer cell survival and tumor growth. During the last decade, mitochondria have become key organelles involved in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the relationship between mitochondria, ROS signaling and activation of survival pathways under hypoxic conditions has been the subject of increased study. Insights into mechanisms involved in ROS signaling may offer novel ways to facilitate discovery of cancer-specific therapies.
- Klíčová slova
- energetický metabolizmus, buněčná transformace,
- MeSH
- buněčná smrt fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- energetický metabolismus MeSH
- faktor 1 indukovatelný hypoxií MeSH
- glykolýza fyziologie MeSH
- isothiokyanatany farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondrie * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- nádorová transformace buněk * MeSH
- nádory * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- oxidativní fosforylace MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- aldehydy metabolismus MeSH
- elektronový transportní řetězec metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- myokard metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- srdeční mitochondrie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- stárnutí metabolismus MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- transport elektronů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
