1. vyd. 275 s., [27] s. obr. příl. : barev. il. ; 22 cm
Smrt je pro naši společnost čímsi nepatřičným, stala se tabu. Jenomže pouze ona dává našemu počínání hlubší smysl. Co to je smrt, a jaký má význam pro život člověka? Jak ji prožívá umírající, a jak jeho blízcí, kteří ho provázejí v posledních chvílích života? Proč u nás umírají lidé v nemocnici a mnohem méně v hospici, či doma v kruhu rodiny, jak to bývalo po staletí zvykem? Je smrt skutečně definitivním koncem života? To jsou otázky, a ještě mnohé další, na které se autor snaží odpovědět v knize psané na hranici dokumentu a prózy. V líčení dramatických událostí vychází z autentické osobní zkušenosti, popisuje podstatné chvíle prožité s matkou během pěti let, když v 81 letech přežila těžkou operaci, a už se o sebe nemohla starat.
- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- filozofie MeSH
- smrt MeSH
- sociální změna MeSH
- umění MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- autobiografie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- Biografie
- NLK Obory
- humanitní vědy a umění
- O autorovi
- Paul, Jan, 1956- Autorita
BACKGROUND: To strengthen research and differential diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders, we constructed and validated an oligonucleotide microarray (h-MitoArray) allowing expression analysis of 1632 human genes involved in mitochondrial biology, cell cycle regulation, signal transduction and apoptosis. Using h-MitoArray we analyzed gene expression profiles in 9 control and 13 fibroblast cell lines from patients with F1Fo ATP synthase deficiency consisting of 2 patients with mt9205deltaTA microdeletion and a genetically heterogeneous group of 11 patients with not yet characterized nuclear defects. Analysing gene expression profiles, we attempted to classify patients into expected defect specific subgroups, and subsequently reveal group specific compensatory changes, identify potential phenotype causing pathways and define candidate disease causing genes. RESULTS: Molecular studies, in combination with unsupervised clustering methods, defined three subgroups of patient cell lines--M group with mtDNA mutation and N1 and N2 groups with nuclear defect. Comparison of expression profiles and functional annotation, gene enrichment and pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes revealed in the M group a transcription profile suggestive of synchronized suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis and G1/S arrest. The N1 group showed elevated expression of complex I and reduced expression of complexes III, V, and V-type ATP synthase subunit genes, reduced expression of genes involved in phosphorylation dependent signaling along MAPK, Jak-STAT, JNK, and p38 MAP kinase pathways, signs of activated apoptosis and oxidative stress resembling phenotype of premature senescent fibroblasts. No specific functionally meaningful changes, except of signs of activated apoptosis, were detected in the N2 group. Evaluation of individual gene expression profiles confirmed already known ATP6/ATP8 defect in patients from the M group and indicated several candidate disease causing genes for nuclear defects. CONCLUSION: Our analysis showed that deficiency in the ATP synthase protein complex amount is generally accompanied by only minor changes in expression of ATP synthase related genes. It also suggested that the site (mtDNA vs nuclear DNA) and the severity (ATP synthase content) of the underlying defect have diverse effects on cellular gene expression phenotypes, which warrants further investigation of cell cycle regulatory and signal transduction pathways in other OXPHOS disorders and related pharmacological models.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fibroblasty MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genom mitochondriální MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- mitochondriální nemoci MeSH
- mitochondriální protonové ATPasy genetika nedostatek MeSH
- modely genetické MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sekvenční delece MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
We carried out whole-genome homozygosity mapping, gene expression analysis and DNA sequencing in individuals with isolated mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency and identified disease-causing mutations in TMEM70. Complementation of the cell lines of these individuals with wild-type TMEM70 restored biogenesis and metabolic function of the enzyme complex. Our results show that TMEM70 is involved in mitochondrial ATP synthase biogenesis in higher eukaryotes.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kardiomyopatie enzymologie genetika komplikace MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- komplementární DNA genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové proteiny genetika MeSH
- mitochondriální encefalomyopatie enzymologie genetika komplikace MeSH
- mitochondriální proteiny genetika MeSH
- mitochondriální protonové ATPasy nedostatek MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- testy genetické komplementace MeSH
- transfekce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme Complexes are present in placenta at proportion similar to other tissues with exception of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) which is expressed at a very high rate. As shown by Western blot quantification and respiratory chain enzyme activity measurements, the specific content of mGPDH is similar to that of succinate dehydrogenase or NADH dehydrogenase. Using fluorometric probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate we found that placental mitochondria display high rate of glycerophosphate-dependent hydrogen peroxide production. This was confirmed by oxygraphic detection of glycerophosphate-induced, KCN- or antimycin A-insensitive oxygen uptake. Hydrogen peroxide production by mGPDH was highly activated by one-electron acceptor, potassium ferricyanide and it was depressed by inhibitors of mGPDH and by cytochrome c. Our results indicate that mGPDH should be considered as an additional source of reactive oxygen species participating in induction of oxidative stress in placenta.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- glycerolfosfátdehydrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- křečci praví MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondrie enzymologie MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- peroxid vodíku metabolismus MeSH
- placenta enzymologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- křečci praví MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH