The phenomenon of treatment and social rehabilitation of people with addiction is inherently based on the cooperation and collaboration of many disciplines. These are mainly: psychiatry, addictionology, special pedagogy, andragogy, psychology and social work. The knowledge and experience of experts from the above mentioned fields and from the described institutions in the context of cooperation with information technology experts is reflected in the main result of the product discussed in the article. This is the software: a web application for mobile phones and other devices. The Five Ways to Wellbeing method is a powerful tool for promoting mental health and wellbeing that has been developed by the UK NHS. This method focuses on five key areas that can help maintain good mental health and prevent relapse. These are 1. keeping in touch with other people, 2. regular exercise, 3. maintaining mindfulness, 4. learning new things, and 5. altruism. This article presents part of the results of an evaluation study conducted within the framework of the TAČR project ÉTA: Application for the development of social competences of people with addiction in the context of indications for special education and therapeutic intervention, reg. no.: TL05000482. The project is guaranteed by Palacký University in Olomouc. The research was conducted at P-Centrum z.s., non-profit organization focused on addictology services, which is the application guaranty of the project. The aim of the paper is to present how the research implemented the Five Ways to Wellbeing methods into a web-based application for E-health. The methodological design of the study is based on qualitative research, specifically an evaluation study. The results suggest that the Five ways to wellbeing method is suitable for implementation in this web-based application and offers further potential in addiction treatment and relapse prevention.
CÍLE: Hlouběji porozumět rozdílům v tom, jak sociální pracovníci a všeobecné sestry vnímají a využívají reflexi ve své profesní praxi. TEORETICKÁ VÝCHODISKA: Pojetí reflexe-v-akci D. Schöna (1983); chápání reflexe jako aktů mysli, propojujících různé obsahy vědomí (Gibbs, 1998) za účelem zvládání situace. METODY: Kvalitativní rozhovory vedené dle záměrného výběru s 11 sociálními pracovníky a 6 všeobecnými sestrami pracujícími ve zdravotních a sociálních služeb více typů. Analýza dat inspirovaná zakotvenou teorií. VÝSLEDKY: Pro porozumění tomu, jak jsou procesy reflexe utvářeny faktory, jako je „předchozí formace“, „povaha pracovního prostředí“ a „povaha poskytované péče“, jsou data z výzkumu uspořádána dle dimenze kultivovanosti praktikované reflexe do pěti úrovní. IMPLIKACE PRO SOCIÁLNÍ PRÁCI: Aplikace poznatků o více variantách reflexe v sociální práci by mohla podpořit kultivaci reflexe zejména v multidisciplinárních týmech a tam, kde se zatím nedaří supervizi.
OBJECTIVES: To gain a deeper understanding of the differences in how social workers and nurses perceive and use reflection in their professional practice. THEORETICAL BASE: D. Schön’s concept of reflection-in-action (1983); reflection understood as acts of the mind, relating different contents of awareness to each other (Gibbs, 2008) in order to cope with the situation. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted according to purposive sampling with 11 social workers and 6 nurses working in health and social services of more types. Data analysis was inspired by grounded theory. OUTCOMES: To understand how reflection processes are shaped by factors such as “previous formation”, “nature of the work environment” and “nature of care provided”, research data are organized according to the cultivation dimension of practiced reflection at five levels. SOCIAL WORK IMPLICATIONS: Awareness of different forms of reflection can contribute to the cultivation of reflection, especially in multidisciplinary teams and where supervision is not yet successful.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odborné všeobecné sestry MeSH
- sebezhodnocení (psychologie) * MeSH
- sociální pracovníci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí psychologie MeSH
- duševně nemocní psychologie MeSH
- důvěra psychologie MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků péče pacientem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurotické poruchy * psychologie rehabilitace MeSH
- pacienti hospitalizovaní psychologie MeSH
- psychiatrická rehabilitace metody MeSH
- psychodrama metody MeSH
- psychoterapeutické procesy MeSH
- psychoterapie krátká MeSH
- skupinová psychoterapie MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
The is contribution deals with diff erences and similarities in perceiving drama-therapy in patients with neurotic disorder in the context of psychiatric treatment. The first goal ascertains if there are diff erences in assessment of dramatherapy according to the membership of dynamic or cognitive-behavioural group. The second goal ascertains diff erences during the fi rst therapeutic session. Th e research assemblage was created by 57 patients from dynamic and cognitive-behavioural (KBT) groups from two mental hospitals in the Czech Republic. Data were gained by two-factor semantic diff erential and they were statistically assessed by a t-test (and further amended by qualitative group interviews). Conclusions have shown that the membership of patients of dynamic or KBT group has not an impact on their assessment of dramatherapeutic process.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurotické poruchy * klasifikace terapie MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- psychodrama * dějiny klasifikace metody MeSH
- rozhovory jako téma MeSH
- sémantický diferenciál MeSH
- skupinová psychoterapie dějiny klasifikace metody MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- ústavy pro duševně nemocné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
A specific technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, filter-exchange spectroscopy (FEXSY), was employed to investigate water transport through the plasma membrane in intact yeast cells. This technique allows water transport to be monitored directly, thus avoiding the necessity to subject the cells to any rapid change in the external conditions, e.g. osmotic shock. We established a sample preparation protocol, a data analysis procedure and verified the applicability of FEXSY experiments. We recorded the exchange rates in the temperature range 10-40°C for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting activation energy of 29 kJ mol-1 supports the hypothesis that water exchange is facilitated by water channels-aquaporins. Furthermore, we measured for the first time water exchange rates in three other phylogenetically unrelated yeast species (Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) and observed remarkably different water exchange rates between these species. Findings of our work contribute to a better understanding of as fundamental a cell process as the control of water transport through the plasma membrane.
- MeSH
- akvaporiny metabolismus MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- Candida albicans metabolismus MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- Schizosaccharomyces metabolismus MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- Zygosaccharomyces metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mutations can be induced by environmental factors but also arise spontaneously during DNA replication or due to deamination of methylated cytosines at CpG dinucleotides. Sites where mutations occur with higher frequency than would be expected by chance are termed hotspots while sites that contain mutations rarely are termed coldspots. Mutations are permanently scanned and repaired by repair systems. Among them, the mismatch repair targets base pair mismatches, which are discriminated from canonical base pairs by probing altered elasticity of DNA. Using biased molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the elasticity of coldspots and hotspots motifs detected in human genes associated with inherited disorders, and also of motifs with Czech population hotspots and de novo mutations. Main attention was paid to mutations leading to G/T and A+/C pairs. We observed that hotspots without CpG/CpHpG sequences are less flexible than coldspots, which indicates that flexible sequences are more effectively repaired. In contrary, hotspots with CpG/CpHpG sequences exhibited increased flexibility as coldspots. Their mutability is more likely related to spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines leading to C > T mutations, which are primarily targeted by base excision repair. We corroborated conclusions based on computer simulations by measuring melting curves of hotspots and coldspots containing G/T mismatch.
- MeSH
- CpG ostrůvky MeSH
- DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- nukleotidové motivy * MeSH
- simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The paper describes the functioning of an organization in London called Build on Belief (BoB), which, in a unique way, provides treatment to persons with substance addiction. This facility is special for its management, because the services are run by people who had gone through addiction and now abstain. The second distinctive feature of the organization is the attitude to clients. The person is always in the first place, only then a addiction problems come. There are no such organizations in the Czech Republic; the only equivalent in terms of services is the Kontaktní centrum (K-centrum). This paper is based on materials gathered during a two-month work placement in the BoB facility organized in cooperation with the Institute of Special Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Palacký University in Olomouc. The participants in the work placement analysed the BoB facility and made theoretical as well as practical conclusions in order to enrich the Czech practical environment.
- MeSH
- centra pro terapii drogových závislostí * ekonomika metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- dobrovolní pracovníci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- návykové chování terapie MeSH
- odborná praxe organizace a řízení MeSH
- pracovní síly klasifikace organizace a řízení MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- uživatelé drog MeSH
- výchova a vzdělávání metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Spojené království MeSH
Mutations in human genes can be responsible for inherited genetic disorders and cancer. Mutations can arise due to environmental factors or spontaneously. It has been shown that certain DNA sequences are more prone to mutate. These sites are termed hotspots and exhibit a higher mutation frequency than expected by chance. In contrast, DNA sequences with lower mutation frequencies than expected by chance are termed coldspots. Mutation hotspots are usually derived from a mutation spectrum, which reflects particular population where an effect of a common ancestor plays a role. To detect coldspots/hotspots unaffected by population bias, we analysed the presence of germline mutations obtained from HGMD database in the 5-nucleotide segments repeatedly occurring in genes associated with common inherited disorders, in particular, the PAH, LDLR, CFTR, F8, and F9 genes. Statistically significant sequences (mutational motifs) rarely associated with mutations (coldspots) and frequently associated with mutations (hotspots) exhibited characteristic sequence patterns, e.g. coldspots contained purine tract while hotspots showed alternating purine-pyrimidine bases, often with the presence of CpG dinucleotide. Using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations, we analysed the global bending properties of two selected coldspots and two hotspots with a G/T mismatch. We observed that the coldspots were inherently more flexible than the hotspots. We assume that this property might be critical for effective mismatch repair as DNA with a mutation recognized by MutSα protein is noticeably bent.
- MeSH
- DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- faktor VIII genetika MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- nukleotidové motivy MeSH
- protein CFTR genetika MeSH
- receptory LDL genetika MeSH
- simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
- zárodečné mutace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- etopedie,
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pedagogická psychologie MeSH
- poruchy chování u dětí * diagnóza prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- poruchy sociálního chování * diagnóza prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- sociální psychologie MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
