People with disabilities are more vulnerable to violence than their non-disabled counterparts. The fear of crime increases with the experience of victimization. There are many attempts to enhance the confidence of being outside alone or decrease the fear of crime through self-defense courses. The aim of the present study is to determine the level of security concerns in people with physical disabilities and to identify the most frequent crime they are facing. 77 physically disabled people (aged 15 and more; 45 women, 32 men; 5 elementary, 44 secondary, 28 higher educated) participated in the research. 49 participants use mechanic or electric wheelchair, 19 participants use other compensatory aids, 9 participants do not use any compensatory aids. 35 participants use the assistant service, 42 do not. Data was collected via a questionnaire of four parts, in which participants expressed their security concerns, confidence, or vulnerability in given situations through a 6point scale. Each part of the questionnaire is supplemented by an open question encouraging participants to express their experience. People with disabilities have a slight fear of possible conflict situations. This fear increases in conditions with a greater chance of a potential conflict situation or areas that cannot be left immediately. The results suggest a slight sense of helplessness in verbal conflict situations or a developing conflict that can still be de-escalated. We can assume that people with disabilities feel very vulnerable when it comes to direct physical assault.
Dance is a complex sensorimotor activity with positive effects on physical fitness, cognition, and brain plasticity in the aging population. We explored whether individual levels of cognitive reserve (CR) proxied by education moderate dance intervention (DI)-induced plasticity assessed by resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) changes of the sensorimotor network (SMN), and between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and anterior default mode network (aDMN). Our cohort consisted of 99 subjects, randomly assigned to either a DI group who underwent a 6-month intervention (n = 49, Mage = 69.02 ± 5.40) or a control group (n = 50, Mage = 69.37 ± 6.10). Moderation analyses revealed that CR moderated DI-induced increase of the SMN rs-FC with significant changes observed in participants with ≥ 15 years of education (b = 0.05, t(62) = 3.17, p = 0.002). Only DI alone was a significant predictor of the DAN-aDMN crosstalk change (b = 0.06, t(64) = 2.16, p = 0.035). The rs-FC increase in the SMN was correlated with an improved physical fitness measure, and changes in the DAN-aDMN connectivity were linked to better performance on figural fluency. Consistent with the passive CR hypothesis, we observed that CR correlated only with baseline behavioral scores, not their change.
- MeSH
- kognitivní rezerva * MeSH
- kognitivní stárnutí * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuroplasticita * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tanec * MeSH
- terapie tancem MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Research on dance interventions (DIs) in the elderly has shown promising benefits to physical and cognitive outcomes. The effect of DIs on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) varies, which is possibly due to individual variability. In this study, we assessed the moderation effects of residual cognitive reserve (CR) on DI-induced changes in dynamic rs-FC and their association on cognitive outcomes. Dynamic rs-FC (rs-dFC) and cognitive functions were evaluated in non-demented elderly subjects before and after a 6-month DI (n = 36) and a control group, referred to as the life-as-usual (LAU) group (n = 32). Using linear mixed models and moderation, we examined the interaction effect of DIs and CR on changes in the dwell time and coverage of rs-dFC. Cognitive reserve was calculated as the residual difference between the observed memory performance and the performance predicted by brain state. Partial correlations accounting for CR evaluated the unique association between changes in rs-dFC and cognition in the DI group. In subjects with lower residual CR, we observed DI-induced increases in dwell time [t(58) = -2.14, p = 0.036] and coverage [t(58) = -2.22, p = 0.030] of a rs-dFC state, which was implicated in bottom-up information processing. Increased dwell time was also correlated with a DI-induced improvement in Symbol Search (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). In subjects with higher residual CR, we observed a DI-induced increase in coverage [t(58) = 2.11, p = 0.039] of another rs-dFC state, which was implicated in top-down information processing. The study showed that DIs have a differential and behaviorally relevant effect on dynamic rs-dFC, but these benefits depend on the current CR level.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Using multishell diffusion MRI and both tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tracking of specific tracts of interest, we evaluated the neural underpinnings of the impact of a six-month dance intervention (DI) on physical fitness and cognitive outcomes in nondemented seniors. The final cohort had 76 nondemented seniors, randomized into DI and control (life as usual) groups. Significant effects were observed between the DI and control groups in physical fitness measures and in attention. We detected associations between improved physical fitness and changes in diffusion tensor imagining (DTI) measures in the whole white matter (WM) skeleton and in the corticospinal tract and the superior longitudinal fascicle despite the fact that no significant differences in changes to the WM microstructure were found between the two groups.
- MeSH
- bílá hmota anatomie a histologie MeSH
- difuzní magnetická rezonance metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek anatomie a histologie MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tanec * MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of a six-month intensive dance-exercise intervention (DI) on cognition and brain structure in a mixed group of healthy seniors and people with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: Subjects (aged ˃ 60 years with no dementia or depression) were randomly assigned to either a DI group or a life as usual (LAU) group. Detailed neuropsychological testing, measures of physical fitness and brain MRI encompassing T1 structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed at baseline and after 6 months. We assessed changes in cortical thickness and DTI parameters derived from tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS: Altogether 62 individuals (n = 31 in the DI group) completed the protocol. The groups were matched for their demographic and clinical variables. After 6 months, we found significant cortical thickening in the right inferior temporal, fusiform and lateral occipital regions in the dancers compared to controls. Significant increases of radial and mean diffusivity were observed in various white matter tracts in the dancers; however, no differences were observed between the DI and LAU groups. The DI group as compared to the LAU group showed subtle improvements in executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: We observed DI-induced improvement in executive functions and increases of cortical thickness in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex which is engaged in action observation, visuomotor integration and action imitation, that is activities that are all important for motor learning and executing skilled movements.
- MeSH
- difuzní magnetická rezonance MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek * MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tanec * MeSH
- terapie cvičením metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Primární reflexy nám pomáhají přežít již intrauterinně, při porodu nebo v prvních měsících po porodu. Po dostatečném stimulu by se měly inhibovat, ale pokud tento podnět nedostanou nebo se centrální nervová soustava vyvíjí nestandardně, mohou tyto primární reflexy přetrvat, negativně ovlivňovat vývoj dítěte a způsobovat podobné příznaky jako mají specifické poruchy učení. Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo zjistit prevalenci primárních reflexů u dětí ve věku 7-8 let, dále stanovit, jak se změní množství primárních reflexů po 6 měsících bez intervenčního programu a jaké jsou rozdíly mezi chlapci a dívkami. U dětí bylo provedeno 7 testů na 6 primárních reflexů, které je mohou během školní výuky ovlivňovat. U každého primárního reflexu se hodnotila i úroveň (0 – nejméně; 4 – nejvíce). Ukázalo se, že chlapci mají větší procento zastoupení primárních reflexů než dívky a často dosahovali vyšší úrovně. Při opakovaném měření po 6 měsících byl u dívek zaznamenán statisticky významný rozdíl v poklesu úrovně landau reflexu (p = 0,028). U chlapců byl statisticky významný rozdíl ve snížení úrovně reflexu u labyrintového posturálního reflexu (p = 0,028), landau reflexu (p = 0,028), asymetrického tonického šíjového reflexu – test na čtyřech (p = 0,028) a Schilderova testu (p = 0,005). Tyto výsledky by mohly být použity jako podklad při tvorbě vzdělávacího plánu a osnov pro tělesnou výchovu na základních školách.
Primary reflexes help us to survive intrauterine, during childbirth or in the first months afterchildbirth. After sufficient stimulus, they should be inhibited, but if this stimulus is not received orthe central nervous system develops abnormally, these primary reflexes may persist, adversely affectthe child's development and cause symptoms similar to those of specific learning disabilities. The aimof this article is to determine the prevalence of primary reflexes in children aged 7-8 years, to findout how the amount of primary reflexes will change after 6 months without a special intervention andwhat are the differences between boys and girls. In children, 7 tests were performed on 6 primaryreflexes, which can affect them during school teaching. The level (0 - indicative of no evidence ofprimary reflex; 4 – the highest level of persistent primary reflex) was also evaluated for each primaryreflex. Boys have been shown to have a higher percentage of primary reflexes than girls and have oftenreached higher levels. When measured repeatedly after 6 months, there was a statistically significantdecrease in landau reflex in girls group (p = 0.028). In boys group there was a statistical decreasein reflex for the labyrinth postural reflex (p = 0.028), the landau reflex (p = 0.028), the asymmetrictonic neck reflex – a test on all four (p = 0.028) and the Schilder test (p = 0.005). These results couldbe used as a basis for creating an educational plan and curriculum for physical education in primaryschools.
Objective: The major objective of this study was to investigate the influence of six months dance inter-vention program on the level of functional fitness and postural stability in the elderly. Methods: The exercise program was carried out three times a week and included 60 dance exercise sessions. 60 elderly participated in the study (67.5 ± 5.69 years), 30 in a dance intervention group (weight: 70.32 ± 13.59kg; BMI 25.95 ± 3.79 kg/m2), 30 in a control group (weight: 76.93 ± 15.45kg; BMI 27.06 ± 3.88 kg/m2). Three subtests (6Min Walk Test, Chair Stand Test, 8 Foot up and Go Test) were used to determine the level of functional fitness from the Senior fitness test battery; the static posturography method assessed the level of balance abilities in one position. Results: The most meaningful results to emerge from the data are that the intervention dance program led to a post-exercise increase in the level of agility, dynamic balance and reaction speed measured by 8 Foot up Go test in the intervention group. The results indicate a statistically significant difference value in the intervention group compared to the control group between post-test results (p = 0.01). Values of the other monitored parameters were not statistically significant. The Cohen coefficient d reflects the low (8 Foot up and Gotest, 6 Min Walk test) or medium value (Chair Stand test) of the intervention program›s effectiveness.Conclusions: Our study suggests, that intervention dance program could significantly improve the level of agility, dynamic balance and reaction speed.
- Klíčová slova
- Senior fitness test,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti MeSH
- neurofyziologický monitoring metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- podpora zdraví * metody MeSH
- posturální rovnováha MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tanec * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The article deals with the issue of fear of falls in wheelchair users and the change in fall concerns after completing a self-defense course. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a self-defense course for wheelchair users on their fear of falls. To collect data we used a questionnaire and participant ob-servation in the lessons of self-defense for wheelchair users. The participants filled in the questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the course. The results show that the course of self-defense has an effect on wheelchair users’ fear of falls. This effect differs depending on the type of disability of the participant and on the level of self-confidence. We can claim that the participants with a low level of fear at the beginning of the course this attitude has shifted slightly and they became more aware of potential threats. On the contrary, the participants whose level of fear was high, those fears were reduced and their attitude towards a potential fall is slightly more relaxed.
- Klíčová slova
- sebeobrana,
- MeSH
- bezpečnost MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postižení psychologie výchova MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- strach * psychologie MeSH
- úrazy pádem prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vozíky pro invalidy * psychologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Navzdory proinkluzivním snahám v České republice jsme svědky faktu, že lidé se zdravotním postižením jsou příliš často oběťmi trestných činů. Z těchto důvodů si uvědomujeme, že je třeba se rizikem napadení či znalostí řešení konfliktních situací lidmi se zdravotním postižením zabývat. Cílem příspěvku je evaluace kurzu Sebeobrana pro osoby se zrakovým postižením. Pomocí exploračních metod jsme zjišťovali zkušenosti osob se zrakovým postižením s rizikovým či násilným chováním vůči této specifické skupině a jejich bezpečnostním obavám. Na základě detailního průzkumu byla vytvořena metodika sebeobrany pro osoby se zrakovým postižením. Před a po intervenčním programu jsme pomocí shodného dotazníku zjišťovali zejména změny ve vnitřní jistotě účastníků kurzu při řešení konfliktních situací v různých fázích konfliktu. Pro posouzení získaných dat jsme použili tzv. věcnou významnost a změny ve skóre jednotlivých otázek byly vyjádřeny pomocí koeficientu Cohenovo d. Na základě koeficientu věcné významnosti byly nalezeny pozitivní efekty, které potvrzují účinnost intervenčního programu v podobě sebeobrany pro skupinu osob se zrakovým postižením. Vyzdvihujeme zejména zlepšení ve využití komunikačních strategií a zvýšení sebejistoty při čelení verbálních konfliktů. Zásadní posun jsme také zaznamenali v oblasti překonávání vlastních obav, což může významně ovlivňovat kvalitu života jedince. Vytyčené cíle kurzu sebeobrany pro osoby se zrakovým postižením byly splněny. Frekventanti kurzu prokázali zvýšení víry ve vlastní schopnosti reagovat a řešit konfliktní situace.
Despite pro-inclusive efforts, we are witnessing the fact, that people with disabilities are too often victims of crime. For these reasons, we realize that we need to deal with the risk of attack. Also it is important to improve the level of knowledge of solving conflict situations by people with disabilities. The aim of this paper is evaluation of self-defense courses for persons with visual impairments. By exploration method we investigated the experience of people with visual impairment with risk or violent behavior towards this specific group and their security concerns. Based on detailed survey methodology of self-defense was created for persons with visual impairments. Before and after the intervention program we are using the same questionnaire to find out particular changes in the security concerns of participants. Practical significance of changes in scores for each of the questions were expressed by Cohens d. We found out positive effects in terms of practical significance, which confirm the effectiveness of the program of self-defense for a group of people with visual impairments. Highlights in particular the improvement in the use of communication strategies and increase confidence in the face of verbal conflict. We have seen a major shift in overcoming own fears, which can significantly affect the quality of life of individuals. Goals of self-defense courses for people with visual impairments have been met. Participants of the course demonstrated increased faith in his own ability to respond, confront and resolve conflict situations.
