Vibrio spp. sú gramnegatívne tyčinkovité baktérie, prirodzene sa vyskytujúce v morskej, brakickej i sladkej vode. Niektoré druhy môžu spôsobovať ochorenia ľudí. V publikácii prezentujeme štúdiu výskytu Vibrio spp. v 20 umelých rekreačných bazénoch na Slovensku. Vzorky vôd boli odoberané z umelých bazénov, plnených mineralizovanou termálnou vodou, v deviatich rekreačných oblastiach na Slovensku, v rokoch 2019 a 2020. Vibrio spp. bolo izolované v 96 zo 176 vzoriek vôd. Spolu bolo izolovaných 118 rôznych kmeňov vibrií, z ktorých 77 patrilo k niektorému z potenciálne patogénnych druhov – V. cholerae (34 izolátov), V. vulnificus (4 izoláty), V. furnissii (3 izoláty), V. fluvialis (25 izolátov), V. alginolyticus (10 izolátov) and V. mimicus (1 izolát). Táto štúdia je, podľa našich informácií, prvou vo svete, dokumentujúcou prítomnosť patogénnych alebo potenciálne patogénnych Vibrio spp. v umelých bazénoch s chlórovou dezinfekciou, plnených termálnou mineralizovanou vodou.
Vibrio spp. are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria commonly present in marine, estuarine and natural freshwater environments. A few members of this genus are associated with human diseases. Here we present the study of Vibrio spp. isolations from 20 artificial recreational pools in Slovakia. Water samples were collected from artificial pools filled with mineralized thermal water in eight recreational areas in Slovakia in 2019 and 2020. Ninety six out of 176 samples were positive for Vibrio spp. Totally 118 different strains of Vibrio spp. were isolated, from which 77 belonged to potentially pathogenic species – V. cholerae (34 isolates), V. vulnificus (4 isolates), V. furnissii (3 isolates), V. fluvialis (25 isolates), V. alginolyticus (10 isolates) and V. mimicus (1 isolate). To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating the presence of pathogenic or potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in artificial pools filled with thermal mineralized waters even disinfected with chlorine compounds.
- MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- minerální vody mikrobiologie MeSH
- plavecké bazény * MeSH
- Vibrio * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- znečištění vody * MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
This study aimed to evaluate the potential pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of 31 environmental Vibrio isolates obtained from surface water in southern and eastern Slovakia. Isolates were identified as Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 and Vibrio metschnikovii by biochemical tests, MALDI biotyping, and 16S RNA gene sequencing. Analysis of the susceptibility to 13 antibacterial agents showed susceptibility of all isolates to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, imipenem, tetracyclin, and doxycycline. We recorded high rates of resistance to β-lactams and streptomycin. Investigation of antibiotic resistance showed five different antibiotic profiles with resistance to antibacterials from three classes, but no multidrug resistance was observed. The investigation of the pathogenic potential of V. cholerae isolates showed that neither the cholera toxin coding gene ctxA nor the genes zot (zonula occludens toxin), ace (accessory cholera toxin), and tcpA (toxin-coregulated pilus) were present in any of 31 isolated samples. Gene ompU (outer membrane protein) was confirmed in 80% and central regulatory protein-coding gene toxR in 71% of V. cholerae isolates, respectively. A high prevalence of the hemolysin coding gene hlyA in all V. cholerae was observed. The data point toward the importance of systematic monitoring and comparative studies of potentially pathogenic vibrios in European countries.
Due to the growing number of applications of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs), there is a concern about their potential deleterious effects. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of CdO NPs on the immune response, renal and intestine oxidative stress, blood antioxidant defence, renal fibrotic response, bone density and mineral content. Six-week-old female ICR mice were exposed to CdO NPs for 6 weeks by inhalation (particle size: 9.82 nm, mass concentration: 31.7 μg CdO/m3, total deposited dose: 0.195 μg CdO/g body weight). CdO NPs increased percentage of thymus CD3e+CD8a+ cells and moderately enhanced splenocyte proliferation and production of cytokines and chemokines. CdO NPs elevated pro-fibrotic factors (TGF-β2, α-SMA and collagen I) in the kidney, and concentrations of AGEs in the intestine. The ratio of GSH and GSSG in blood was slightly reduced. Exposure to CdO NPs resulted in 10-fold higher Cd concentration in tibia bones. No differences were found in bone mass density, mineral content, bone area values, bone concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Ca/P ratio. Our findings indicate stimulation of immune/inflammatory response, oxidative stress in the intestine, starting fibrotic response in kidneys and accumulation of CdO NPs in bones of mice.
- MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- buněčná imunita účinky léků MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- fibróza chemicky indukované MeSH
- kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků patologie MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- oxidy aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- slezina účinky léků MeSH
- sloučeniny kadmia aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- střeva účinky léků MeSH
- thymus účinky léků MeSH
- tibie účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Electron-deficient chlorine covalently immobilised on an amido group of hyaluronic acid (HA) can be potentially exceptional for applications requiring biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with enhanced antibacterial or antiviral activity. This expectation is supported by the assumption that a small amount of HA chloramide (HACl) is formed in the extracellular matrix under inflammatory conditions by a reaction of endogenous HA with hypochlorous acid (HClO) generated by a myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system. HACl synthesis optimisation showed significant limitations of HClO as an oxidative agent where only lower degrees of substitution (DS) was achieved. Commercially available oxidative agents based on chlorinated isocyanuric acid were successfully tested, producing the HA chain with almost entirely chlorinated amidic groups. The structure of the final HACl was thoroughly studied using advanced 2-dimensional NMR methodologies and LC/MS. Stability of HACl at different temperatures was monitored over 12 months. Preliminary antimicrobial and antiviral tests demonstrated the potential of HACl for applications in biomedicine.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antivirové látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- chloraminy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- halogenace MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- kyselina chlorná chemie MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie MeSH
- viry účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This work aims to find the most suitable method that is practically applicable for the calculation of 31P NMR chemical shifts of Pt(II) complexes. The influence of various all-electron and ECP basis sets, DFT functionals, and solvent effects on the optimized geometry was tested. A variety of combinations of DFT functionals BP86, B3LYP, PBE0, TPSSh, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97XD with all-electron basis sets 6-31G, 6-31G(d), 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), and TZVP and ECP basis sets SDD, LanL2DZ, and CEP-31G were used. Chemical shielding constants were then calculated using BP86, PBE0, and B3LYP functionals in combination with the TZ2P basis. The magnitude of spin-orbit interactions was also evaluated.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to develop a biodegradable nanostructured electrospun layer based on collagen (COL), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA), vancomycin hydrochloride (V), gentamicin sulphate (G) and their combination (VG) for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections and the prevention of infection during the joint replacement procedure. COL/HA layers containing different amounts of HA (0, 5 and 15 wt%) were tested for the in vitro release kinetics of antibiotics, antimicrobial activity against MRSA, gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis isolates and cytocompatibility using SAOS-2 bone-like cells. The results revealed that the COL/HA layers released high concentrations of vancomycin and gentamicin for 21 days and performed effectively against the tested clinically-relevant bacterial isolates. The presence of HA in the collagen layers was found not to affect the release kinetics of the vancomycin from the layers loaded only with vancomycin or its combination with gentamicin. Conversely, the presence of HA slowed down the release of gentamicin from the COL/HA layers loaded with gentamicin and its combination with vancomycin. The combination of both antibiotics exerted a positive effect on the prolongation of the conversion of vancomycin into its degradation products. All the layers tested with different antibiotics exhibited potential antibacterial activity with respect to both the tested staphylococci isolates and enterococci. The complemental effect of vancomycin was determined against both gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis in contrast to the application of gentamicin as a single agent. This combination was also found to be more effective against MRSA than is vancomycin as a single agent. Importantly, this combination of vancomycin and gentamicin in the COL/HA layers exhibited sufficient cytocompatibility to SAOS-2, which was independent of the HA content. Conversely, only gentamicin caused the death of SAOS-2 independently of HA content and only vancomycin stimulated SAOS-2 behaviour with an increased concentration of HA in the COL/HA layers. In conclusion, COL/HA layers with 15 wt% of HA impregnated with vancomycin or with a combination of vancomycin and gentamicin offer a promising treatment approach and the potential to prevent infection during the joint replacement procedures.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Enterococcus faecalis účinky léků MeSH
- gentamiciny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- hydroxyapatit chemie MeSH
- infekce spojené s protézou mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kolagen chemie MeSH
- kostní cementy chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- vankomycin chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The majority of human chronic wounds contain bacterial biofilms, which produce proteases and retard the resolution of inflammation. This in turn leads to elevated patient protease activity. Chronic wounds progressing towards closure show a reduction in proteolytic degradation. Therefore, the modulation of protease activity may lead to the faster healing of chronic wounds. Antimicrobials are used to control biofilm-based infection; however, some of them also exhibit the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and bacterial proteases. We investigated the antimicrobial agents used in wound healing for their potential to inhibit bacterial and host proteases relevant to chronic wounds. METHODS: Using in vitro zymography, we tested the ability of povidone-iodine, silver lactate, chlorhexidine digluconate, and octenidine hydrochloride to inhibit selected human proteases and proteases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and Serratia liquefaciens. We investigated penetration and skin protease inhibition by means of in situ zymography. RESULTS: All the tested antimicrobials inhibited both eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteases in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The tested compounds were also able to penetrate into skin ex vivo and inhibit the resident proteases. Silver lactate and chlorhexidine digluconate showed an inhibitory effect ex vivo even in partial contact with skin in Franz diffusion cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro and ex vivo results suggest that wound healing devices which contain iodine, silver, chlorhexidine, and octenidine may add value to the antibacterial effect and also aid in chronic wound healing. Antiprotease effects should be considered in the design of future antimicrobial wound healing devices.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria růst a vývoj MeSH
- bakteriální nemoci kůže * farmakoterapie enzymologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- chlorhexidin farmakologie MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- infekce v ráně * farmakoterapie enzymologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- inhibitory proteas farmakologie MeSH
- jod farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- pyridiny farmakologie MeSH
- stříbro farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A clinically relevant porcine model of a biofilm-infected wound was established in 10 minipigs. The wounds of six experimental animals were infected with a modified polymicrobial Lubbock chronic wound biofilm consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Four animals served as uninfected controls. The wounds were monitored until they had healed for 24 days. The biofilm persisted in the wounds up to day 14 and significantly affected healing. The control to infected healed wound area ratios were: 45%/21%, 66%/37%, and 90%/57% on days 7, 10 and 14, respectively. The implanted biofilm prolonged inflammation, increased necrosis, delayed granulation and impaired development of the extracellular matrix as seen in histological and gene expression analyses. This model provides a therapeutic one-week window for testing of anti-biofilm treatments and for research on the pathogenesis of wound infections in pig that is clinically the most relevant animal wound healing model.
- MeSH
- Bacillus subtilis růst a vývoj MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Enterococcus faecalis růst a vývoj MeSH
- hojení ran * MeSH
- infekce v ráně farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa růst a vývoj MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Enterovírusy, patriace do čeľade Picornaviridae, sa považujú za významné humánne patogény. Infekcia prebieha najčastejšie asymptomaticky, v prípade klinickej manifestácie je škála nimi spôsobených syndrómov veľmi široká. Klasické metódy laboratórnej diagnostiky týchto infekcií, založené na izolácii vírusu a jeho identifikácii alebo na dôkaze vírus-špecifických protilátok sú materiálne i časovo náročné. Výsledok vyšetrenia má preto často len malý vplyv na liečbu pacienta. Implementovali sme metódu dôkazu prítomnosti enterovírusov pomocou komerčne dostupnej súpravy založenej na polymerázovej reťazovej reakcii (PCR). V priebehu roka 2008 sme vyšetrili vzorky od 125 pacientov so suspektným enterovírusovým ochorením (prevažne nervovej sústavy). V 39 prípadoch sme v relevantnej vzorke dokázali prítomnosť enterovírusu. Výsledky sme porovnali s vyšetrením klasickými metódami. PCR predstavuje vhodnú metódu rýchlej, presnej a spoľahlivej laboratórnej diagnostiky enterovírusových infekcií, ktorej výsledok má výrazný vplyv na manažment pacienta.
Enteroviruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae are important human pathogens. Although most cases of infection caused by these viruses are asymptomatic, a wide range of clinical syndromes is observed in manifest cases. Conventional laboratory diagnostic methods based on virus isolation and identification, or on the detection of specific antiviral antibodies, are costly and time consuming. Therefore, they are of little benefit to treatment. We have implemented a commercially available PCR-based test for the detection of enteroviral infections. In 2008, we analyzed biological specimens from 125 patients with suspected enteroviral disease, most often involving the nervous system. The presence of enterovirus was detected in 39 patients. The results were compared with those obtained by the conventional methods. PCR appeared to be a valuable method for rapid, accurate and reliable diagnosis of enteroviral infections which is of major benefit to patient management.
