The mudskipper Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816), (Gobiidae) are caught throughout the year and they are considered as most edible mudskipper species in Sundarbans. They are targeted by special gears and sold live in large quantities in the local markets of Diamond Harbor, Namkhana and Kakdweep. The adult P. elongatus (14-18 cm total length) specimens were purchased from the Diamond Harbor landing center for evaluation of its biochemical components such as Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, and minerals. The percentage composition of protein was high (27.34%) followed by the carbohydrate (4.57%) and lipid (2.72%). The amino acids both essential (47.72%) and non-essential (42.91%) was found adequate. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found the maximum (31.55%) followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA; 27.66%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 19.55%). Vitamin A (112.5 IU/100 g) and Ca2+ (62.2 mg/100 g) were found maximum levels. The present finding supports that P. elongatus is valuable for human consumption due to its high-quality protein with well-balanced amino acids.
- MeSH
- dietní sacharidy analýza MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené analýza MeSH
- lipidy analýza MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- nutriční hodnota * MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza MeSH
- potravní rybí proteiny analýza MeSH
- ryby * MeSH
- vitaminy analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pesticides can enter aquatic environments potentially affecting non-target organisms. Unfortunately, the effects of such substances are still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of the active neonicotinoid substance thiacloprid (TH) and the commercial product Calypso 480 SC (CA) (active compound 40.4% TH) on Mytilus galloprovincialis after short-term exposure to sublethal concentrations. Mussels were tested for seven days to 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1 TH and 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1 CA. For this purpose, several parameters, such as cell viability of haemocytes and digestive cells, biochemical haemolymph features, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity of gills and digestive gland, as well as histology of such tissues were analysed. The sublethal concentrations of both substances lead to abatement or completely stopping the byssal fibres creation. Biochemical analysis of haemolymph showed significant changes (P < 0.01) in electrolytes ions (Cl-, K+, Na+, Ca2+, S-phosphor), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity and glucose concentration following exposure to both substances. The TH-exposed mussels showed significant imbalance (P < 0.05) in CAT activity in digestive gland and gills. CA caused significant decrease (P < 0.05) in SOD activity in gills and in CAT activity in both tissues. Results of histological analyses showed severe damage in both digestive gland and gills in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This study provides useful information about the acute toxicity of a neonicotinoid compound and a commercial insecticide on mussels. Nevertheless, considering that neonicotinoids are still widely used and that mussels are very important species for marine environment and human consumption, further researches are needed to better comprehend the potential risk posed by such compounds to aquatic non-target species.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- hemocyty účinky léků MeSH
- hemolymfa účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- Mytilus účinky léků MeSH
- neonikotinoidy toxicita MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- thiaziny toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- žábry účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The effects of chloridazon exposure at concentrations of 2.7 μg/L (maximal real environmental concentration in the Czech Republic), 27 μg/L, 135 μg/L and 270 μg/L on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) were evaluated. Significantly higher glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione level was observed at all tested concentrations of chloridazon compared with the control. Chloridazon in concentrations 27, 135 and 270 μg/L caused delay ontogenetic development and slower growth. Histopathological changes in hepathopancreas were found in two highest tested concentrations (135 μg/L and 270 μg/L). Crayfish behaviour was not altered in control vs. exposed animals, while the activity parameters tend to decline with increasing chloridazon concentrations.
- MeSH
- pesticidy toxicita MeSH
- pyridaziny toxicita MeSH
- severní raci účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- testy toxicity * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The effects of the herbicide metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA at two concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (0.0115 µmol/l and 0.0790 µmol/l) and metazachlor OA (0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l), respectively, were evaluated on early ontogeny, growth, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels, histology, and mortality of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Both tested concentrations of metazachlor and metazachlor OA were associated with significantly lower growth and delayed ontogenetic development compared to controls. Exposure of metazachlor at 0.0115 µmol/l and metazachlor OA at 0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l resulted in significantly lower activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) compared with control and resulted in gill anomalies ranging from wall thinning to focal disintegration of branchial structure. Metazachlor at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.0790 µmol/l was associated with significant alterations of crayfish distance moved and walking speed. The potential risk associated with metazachlor use in agriculture related to effects on non-target aquatic organisms.
- MeSH
- acetamidy metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- ekotoxikologie MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa metabolismus MeSH
- hepatopankreas účinky léků patologie MeSH
- herbicidy metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- lokomoce účinky léků MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- severní raci účinky léků embryologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- žábry účinky léků patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The effects of s-metolachlor chronic exposure at concentrations of 1.1 μg/L (maximal real environmental concentration in the Czech Republic), 11 μg/L (environmental relevant concentration) and 110 μg/L on early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. All s-metolachlor exposures resulted in higher mortality, delay ontogenetic development with accompanied slower growth and excited behaviour (increase of total distance moved and walking speed). Significantly lower superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione level was observed at two higher tested concentrations (11 and 110 μg/L) of s-metolachlor compared with the control. S-metolachlor in concentrations 110 μg/L showed alteration of the tubular system of hepatopancreas including focal disintegration of tubular epithelium and notable reduction in epithelial cells number, especially B-cells. In conclusion, potential risk associated with using of s-metolachlor in agriculture, due to effects on non-target aquatic organisms as documented on early life stages of marbled crayfish in this study, should be taken into account.
- MeSH
- acetamidy toxicita MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- hepatopankreas účinky léků patologie MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- severní raci účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Increasing production of energy crops in Europe, mainly maize and rapeseed, has altered patterns of pesticide use in recent decades. The long-term effects of S-metolachlor (S-M) and of its metabolite metolachlor OA (M-OA) at the environmentally relevant concentration of 4.2 μg L-1 and at 42 μg L-1 (ten-fold concentration) on marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) were evaluated in a 28-day exposure and after a subsequent 28-day recovery period. Indicators assessed were behaviour; biochemical haemolymph profile; oxidative and antioxidant parameters of gill, hepatopancreas, and muscle; and histology of hepatopancreas and gill. Results showed biochemical haemolymph profile (lactate, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, inorganic phosphate), lipid peroxidation in hepatopancreas, and antioxidant parameters (catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase) of hepatopancreas and gill of crayfish exposed to S-M and M-OA to significantly differ from controls (P < 0.01). Antioxidant biomarker levels remained different from controls after a 28-day recovery period. Differences in behaviour including speed of movement and velocity, and histopathological damage to gill and hepatopancreas were associated with S-M and M-OA exposure and persisted after 28 days in S-M- and M-OA-free water. Results suggest harmful effects of low concentrations of S-M and its metabolite M-OA on non-target organisms and provide information for assessing their effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.
- MeSH
- acetamidy chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- hemolymfa metabolismus MeSH
- hepatopankreas metabolismus MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- severní raci účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Toxicity of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiacloprid to embryos and larvae of common carp Cyprinus carpio was assessed under laboratory conditions. Carp embryos and larvae were exposed to thiacloprid at four concentrations: 4.5 (environmental concentration), 45, 225, and 450 μg/L for 35 days and compared to a non-treated control group. The effects on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and reduced glutathione), mortality, growth, development, and histopathogenesis were assessed. Thiacloprid at tested concentrations were not associated with negative effects on hatching, behaviour, embryo viability, or Fulton's condition factor. Carp exposed to 45 μg/L thiacloprid showed lower weight and length compared to controls. Thiacloprid at 225 and 450 μg/L delayed development and led to lower weight and length of carp. Significantly lower superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity was observed at all tested concentrations of thiacloprid compared with the control group. Chronic thiacloprid exposure of early-life stages of carp affected ontogeny and growth rate, and inhibited antioxidant capacity.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- kapři růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- larva MeSH
- neonikotinoidy toxicita MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- pesticidy toxicita MeSH
- thiaziny toxicita MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Concerns regarding the potential toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on aquatic organisms are growing due to the fact that NPs may be released into aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary exposure to ZnO NPs on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were fed a spiked diets at doses 50 and 500mg of ZnO NPs per kg of feed for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week recovery period. Fish were sampled every 2 weeks for haematology trends, blood biochemistry measures, histology analyses, and determination of the accumulation of zinc in tissues. At the end of the exposure and post-exposure periods, fish were sampled for an assessment of lipid peroxidation levels. Dietborne ZnO NPs had no effects on haematology, blood biochemistry, and lipid peroxidation levels during the exposure period. After the recovery period, aspartate aminotransferase activity significantly (p < 0.05) increased and alanine transferase activity significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the higher exposure group. The level of lipid peroxidation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in liver of treated fish after 2 weeks post-exposure period. A histological examination revealed mild histopathological changes in kidneys during exposure. Our results did not show a significant increase of zinc content at the end of experiment in any of tested organs. However, chronic dietary exposure to ZnO NPs might affect kidney and liver function.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kapři metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- kovové nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Unknown compounds with (anti-)androgenic activities enter the aquatic environment via municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Progestins are well-known environmental contaminants capable of interfering with androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to determine if 15 selected progestins have potential to contribute to (anti-)androgenic activities in municipal wastewaters and the respective recipient surface waters. AR-specific Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression bioassay in agonistic (AR-CALUX) and antagonistic (anti-AR-CALUX) modes and liquid chromatography tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/atmospheric photoionization with hybrid quadrupole/orbital trap mass spectrometry operated in high resolution product scan mode (LC-APCI/APPI-HRPS) methods were used to assess (anti-)androgenic activity and to detect the target compounds, respectively. The contribution of progestins to (anti-)androgenic activities was evaluated by means of a biologically and chemically derived toxicity equivalent approach. Androgenic (0.08-59 ng/L dihydrotestosterone equivalents - DHT EQs) and anti-androgenic (2.4-26 μg/L flutamide equivalents - FLU EQs) activities and progestins (0.19-75 ng/L) were detected in selected aquatic environments. Progestins displayed androgenic potencies (0.01-0.22 fold of dihydrotestosterone) and strong anti-androgenic potencies (9-62 fold of flutamide). Although they accounted to some extent for androgenic (0.3-29%) and anti-androgenic (4.6-27%) activities in influents, the progestins' contribution to (anti-)androgenic activities was negligible (≤2.1%) in effluents and surface waters. We also tested joint effect of equimolar mixtures of target compounds and the results indicate that compounds interact in an additive manner. Even if progestins possess relatively strong (anti-)androgenic activities, when considering their low concentrations (sub-ng/L to ng/L) it seems unlikely that they would be the drivers of (anti-)androgenic effects in Czech aquatic environments.
Atrazine (ATR) is a triazine herbicide banned in the European Union. It remains one of the most widely used herbicides in other parts of the world. Considering the scarcity of data on its possible harm to the environment and to human health, we assessed sub-chronic effects of a 14-day exposure at the environmentally relevant concentration of 6.86 μg/L and at 10% of the 96hLC50 (1.21 mg/L) in crayfish Cherax destructor and their recovery in a 14-day period in ATR-free water. Indicators assessed were behavior; hemolymph biochemical profile; oxidative and antioxidant parameters in gill, hepatopancreas, and muscle; and histology of gill and hepatopancreas. Crayfish exposed to the environmental concentration showed significant differences (P < 0.01) from controls in biochemical parameters of hemolymph (lactate, alkaline phosphatase) and activity of superoxide dismutase, as well as in histology of gill tissue. The higher concentration led to low motor activity, differences in biochemical profile of hemolymph (lactate, alkaline phosphatase, ammonia, glucose), antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione), as well as gill and hepatopancreas histology. Some observed effects persisted after 14-days recovery in ATR-free water. The results provide evidence that environmental concentrations of ATR produce negative effects on freshwater crayfish.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- atrazin toxicita MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- hemolymfa účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- hepatopankreas cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- severní raci cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- testy chronické toxicity * MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
- žábry cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
