INTRODUCTION: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the second leading cause of death and one of the leading causes of long-term disability globally. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has revolutionized treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO), providing 20% increase in post-stroke functional independence compared to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) alone. Despite its proven efficacy, EVT is underutilized. While it is suitable for at least 15-20% of AIS patients, its mean adoption ranges from less than 1% to 7% in different areas. AREAS COVERED: This review highlights key findings from pivotal randomized controlled trials and real-world data, focusing on patient selection criteria, advancements in thrombectomy devices, and procedural innovations. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials and observational studies. EXPERT OPINION: Disparity in access to EVT requires strategic investments in healthcare systems and international multidisciplinary collaboration. Enhancing geographic coverage with thrombectomy-capable centers and optimizing prehospital triage systems are essential. Bridging the gap between treatment capability and real-world implementation is critical to improving global AIS outcomes.
During the last 5-7 years, tremendous progress was achieved in the reperfusion treatment of acute ischaemic stroke during its first few hours from symptom onset. This review summarizes the latest evidence from randomized clinical trials and prospective registries with a focus on endovascular treatment using stent retrievers, aspiration catheters, thrombolytics, and (in selected patients) carotid stenting. Novel approaches in prehospital (mobile interventional stroke teams) and early hospital (direct transfer to angiography) management are described, and future perspectives ('all-in-one' laboratories with angiography and computed tomography integrated) are discussed. There is reasonable chance for patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischaemic stroke to survive without permanent sequelae when the large-vessel occlusion is removed by means of modern pharmaco-mechanic approach. Catheter thrombectomy is now the golden standard of acute stroke treatment. The role of cardiologists in stroke is expanding from diagnostic help (to reveal the cause of stroke) to acute therapy in those regions where such up-to-date Class I. A treatment is not yet available.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * terapie komplikace MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony * metody MeSH
- ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * komplikace MeSH
- ischemie mozku * terapie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- reperfuze škodlivé účinky MeSH
- stenty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- trombektomie metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Ischemická cévní mozková příhoda je závažný stav zatížený vysokou mortalitou a značně vysokým rizikem trvalých funkčních následků. Léčba akutní ischemické cévní mozkové příhody prodělala trombektomiepři využití mechanické k okluze velkých cév mozku v porovnání s nejlepší medikamentózní terapií zahrnující systémovou trombolýzu, a zásadně tak změnily dosud zavedené paradigma léčby. V současné době je k dispozici široký výběr nástrojů pro mechanickou a nové jsou ve vývoji. Tato práce si klade za cíl shrnout současné možnosti léčby akutní ischemické cévní mozkové příhody metodami mechanické trombektomie a nastínit i další aspekty terapie tohoto onemocnění.
Ischemic stroke is a severe condition with a high mortality and a serious risk of permanent functional dis- ability. The treatment of acute ischemic stroke has undergone a number of major changes in recent years - from systemic thrombolysis to the wide range of current mechanical thrombectomy modalities. Studies such as MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT PRIME and others have demonstrated improved outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion when mechanical thrombectomy was used compared with best medical treatment including systemic thrombolysis. These results have completely changed the treatment paradigm. Currently, a wide variety of endovascular tools are available for mechanical thrombectomy and new ones are still under development. This paper aims to summarize the current options for the treatment of ischemic stroke by mechanical thrombectomy and to outline other therapy aspects of this disease.
- MeSH
- ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * dějiny terapie MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanická trombolýza * metody ošetřování přístrojové vybavení škodlivé účinky MeSH
- trombektomie metody ošetřování přístrojové vybavení škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Kompresivní syndrom a. poplitea vzniká útlakem vaskulárních struktur ve fossa poplitea. Nejčastěji se projevuje klaudikacemi dolních končetin. Včasná diagnostika a léčba může zabránit poškození tepny, které se nejčastěji projevuje jejím aneurysmatickým rozšířením s možnou nasedající trombózou a následnou embolizací do bércového řečiště s příznaky akutní končetinové ischemie.1 Tento článek je přehledem dané problematiky s kazuistikou. © 2023, ČKS.
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is caused by external compression of vascular structures in the fossa poplitea. In most cases it manifests as lower extremity claudication. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent artery damage, which would most often lead to aneurysmatic dilatation of the artery with possible onset of thrombosis and next may lead to embolization into the peripheral arteries, which would manifest as peripheral artery disease. This article is an overview of this problematics and a case report.
- MeSH
- angiografie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- entrapment syndrom podkolenní tepny * diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and a major contributor to disability worldwide. The prevalence of CVDs is continuously increasing, and from 1990 to 2019, it has doubled. Global cardiovascular mortality has increased from 12.1 million in 1990 to 18.6 million cases in 2019. The development of therapeutic options for these diseases is at the forefront of interest concerning the extensive socio-economic consequences. Modern endovascular transcatheter therapeutic options contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. AREAS COVERED: The article concentrates on the triad of the most common causes of acute cardiovascular mortality and morbidity - myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Current evidence-based indications, specific interventional techniques, and remaining unsolved issues are reviewed and compared. A personal perspective on the possible implications for the future is provided. EXPERT OPINION: Primary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is a well-established therapeutic option with proven mortality benefits. We suppose that catheter-based interventions for acute stroke will spread quickly from centers of excellence to routine clinical practice. We believe that ongoing research will provide a basis for the expansion of interventional treatment of pulmonary embolism soon.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a high-volume procedure with increasing demands on hospital resources. Local anaesthesia with sedation supervised by an anaesthesiology team is the current standard of care. We aimed to describe our experience with a simplified, nurse-led sedation (NLS) protocol. This study enrolled 128 consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI with self-expandable Evolut R prosthesis between November 2019 and April 2021. Operators selected 50% of patients for NLS based on the clinical expectation of lower risk of procedural difficulties. Nurse-led sedation protocol demanded only mild to moderate levels of sedation. The clinical outcomes were determined from the local TAVI registry and the national mortality database. Baseline patient characteristics were similar in the NLS (n = 64) and anaesthesiologist-led sedation (ALS) (n = 64) groups except higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (48.4% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.035) and peripheral vascular disease (20.3% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.036) in the ALS group. There was a trend for the larger prostheses used in the ALS group (P = 0.058). The procedural results did not differ, and coronary care team backup was rarely needed in the NLS group (6% of patients). The in-hospital outcomes were identical from both clinical and echocardiography perspectives, and 30-day mortality was low in both groups (1.5%). For the NLS group, preparation in the catheterization laboratory was quicker by 6.4 min (P = 0.01), and intensive care unit stay was shorter (2.03 vs. 3.48 days, P = 0.001). In conclusion, the NLS for the selected transfemoral TAVI population seems safe.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
