The present paper is designed to promote awareness of DCD outside the academic world. With a prevalence of 5-6% it is one of the most common disorders of child development. It is therefore surprising that so little is known about it among professionals in child healthcare and education. Parents have expressed frustration about this lack of awareness, including the general public. The general aim of this paper was to describe those critical aspects of DCD that will promote awareness.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy motorických dovedností * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- vývoj dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show deficits in motor-cognitive coupling. However, it remains unclear whether such deficits depend on the severity of DCD. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive-motor coupling under different levels of inhibitory control in children with severe (s-DCD) or moderate DCD (m-DCD), compared with typically-developing children (TDC). The performance of 29 primary-school children aged 6-12 years with s-DCD (Mage = 9.12 ± 1.56 years), 53 m-DCD (Mage = 8.78 ± 1.67 years), and 201 TDC (Mage = 9.20 ± 1.50 years) was compared on a double jump reaching task (DJRT) paradigm, presented on a large 42-inch touchscreen. The task display had a circular home-base, centred at the bottom of the display, and three target locations at radials of -20°, 0°, and 20°, 40 cm above the home-base circle. For the standard double-jump reaching task (DJRT), children moved their index finger from home-base circle to touch the target stimulus as fast as possible; 20% were jump trials where the target shifted left or right at lift-off. For the anti-jump reaching task (AJRT), 20% of trials required an anti-jump movement, touching the contralateral target location. While no group differences were shown on the DJRT, the DCD group were slower to complete reaching movements than the TDC group on AJRT; on the latter, the two DCD sub-groups were not shown to differ. Results confirm the presence of motor inhibition deficits in DCD which may not be dependent on the motor severity of the disorder.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study investigated the effects of quiet eye training (QET) on the neuropsychological functioning and fine motor performance of children with attention deficits. The participant cohort consisted of 106 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between the ages of 8 and 12 years. The children were assigned to either the QET group (n = 54) or the control group (n = 52). The QET group went through a 5-week intervention in which the performance of blocks of targeting tasks was preceded by watching split-screen video footage featuring the gaze and body movements of a skilled model performing a throwing motion. Both groups underwent pre-test and post-test assessments, which included the reaction test of alertness, go/no-go inhibition test, and motor performance series test. The QET group demonstrated significant improvements in attentional engagement, inhibitory control, and fine motor skills, which require precise and fast visuomotor coordination. These results highlight the potential benefits of QET intervention in ameliorating attention deficits and enhancing fine aiming motor skills in children with ADHD. However, task specificity was evident, indicating that the intervention effects were most pronounced for the hand fine motor aiming tasks requiring both precision and speed.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRO: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quiet eye training (QET) on inhibitory control, visuospatial working memory (WM), and tonic attention in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Forty-eight children with ADHD aged 9-12 years were randomly assigned to QET and control (CON) groups. The QET group practiced targeted hand-eye tasks within a QET protocol developed to optimize controlled attention and gaze through eye fixations. We used the go/no-go (GNG) test, the Corsi test, and the reaction test of alertness (RTA) to verify the effects of QET on inhibition control, WM, and tonic attention. RESULTS: QET group showed significantly shorter reaction times, a higher number of correct responses, and a lower number of omissions in the GNG inhibition test after QET as compared to the pre-measurements, whereas the CON group did not demonstrate significant changes in this test. The measures of WM (Corsi test) and tonic attention (RTA) did not change significantly with the QET-based intervention. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the QET protocol, which includes instructions and a video demonstration to optimize eye fixation on a target during aiming tasks, is acceptable and usable for children with ADHD. Overall, a short-term, 5-week visuomotor training intervention based on the quiet eye paradigm was shown to be effective in improving inhibitory control and focused visual attention, but not visuospatial WM and intrinsic attention in 9-12-year-old children with inattentive or combined ADHD.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * terapie MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oční fixace MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
This study aims to investigate sex-related differences in raw item scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition (MABC-2) in a large data set collected in different regions across the world, seeking to unravel whether there is an interaction effect between sex and the origin of the sample (European versus African). In this retrospective study, a secondary analysis was performed on anonymized data of 7654 children with a mean age of 8.6 (range 3 to 16; SD: 3.4), 50.0% of whom were boys. Since country-specific norms were not available for all samples, the raw scores per age band (AB) were used for analysis. Our results clearly show that in all age bands sex-related differences are present. In AB1 and AB2, girls score better on most manual dexterity and balance items, but not aiming and catching items, whereas in AB3 the differences seem to diminish. Especially in the European sample, girls outperform boys in manual dexterity and balance items, whereas in the African sample these differences are less marked. In conclusion, separate norms for boys and girls are needed in addition to separate norms for geographical regions.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose of this study was to adapt the MABC-2 Checklist to Czech primary schools by examining of its content validity and feasibility. The content validity achieved the satisfactory level in the second round of panels of experts on child motor development. The evidence on feasibility was obtained from classroom teachers who described this tool as clear, objective and having logical structure and its administration as comprehensible and fast. The MABC-2 Checklist is applicable instrument for the Czech school environment, but its adaptation to various countries should consider the items representing the common motor skills in local children.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- ergoterapie * MeSH
- kontrolní seznam MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti MeSH
- poruchy motorických dovedností * diagnóza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- školy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The present study examined the influence of the individual and sequential combination of the key components of OPTIMAL (Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) theory (i.e., enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external focus), on the performance of a laser-pistol shooting task. In addition to shooting accuracy, intra-trial variability in the sway of forearm/pistol motion prior to movement execution (pulling the trigger) was the primary variable of interest. In a between-within-subject design, thirty-six participants (Mage = 21.27 ± 1.75 years) were randomized into either a control or an optimized group. Enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and an external focus were implemented via sequential blocks of trials for participants in the optimized group. Participants in the control group performed all trials under "neutral" conditions. Our results showed that motor performance was enhanced for participants in the optimized group compared to those in the control group. Moreover, greater reductions in forearm sway leading up to the trigger pull were observed for the optimized group compared to the control group. These findings suggest higher movement effectiveness and efficiency, potentially through better attunement to task and environmental constraints, when implementing optimized instructions in a self-initiated fine motor task.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
DCD je neurovývojová porucha manifestující se obtížemi v provedení motorických úloh, přičemž sekundárně ovlivňuje celkový psychosociální vývoj jedince. DCD je v našem prostředí opomíjenou diagnózou, ačkoli je jeho prevalence až 6%. Do vydání české verze Testu motoriky pro děti MABC-2 nebyl v ČR dostupný nástroj pro identifikaci motorických deficitů. Tento test posuzuje, zda je motorická výkonnost pod úrovní, kterou bychom vzhledem k chronologickému věku u daného dítěte očekávali (diagnostické kritérium A pro DCD). V českém prostředí však chybí nástroj, kterým by bylo možno posoudit dítě z hlediska diagnostického kritéria B, tedy, zda motorické deficity zjištěné ve standardizovaném testu mají dopady na školní výkon a denní činnosti. K tomuto účelu se nabízí Inventář MABC-2, který je součástí původní baterie MABC-2. Cílem příspěvku je představit metodické řešení adaptace Inventáře MABC-2 pro diagnostiku DCD v České republice.
DCD is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting in difficulties in the motor performance, but also secondarily affects the overall psychosocial development of the given individual. Although the prevalence of DCD is up to 6%, it is an overlooked diagnosis in this country. No tool was available to identify motor deficits until the Czech version of the MABC-2 Test was published. This test assesses whether the motor performance of a child is below the expected level, given the chronological age (diagnostic criterion A for DCD). However, within the Czech environment we still lack a tool to assess the diagnostic criterion B, the impact of these deficits on the child's daily living activities and academic performance. This purpose can be served by the MABC-2 Checklist, which is originally part of the MABC-2 battery. The aim of this paper is to present a methodological procedure for the adaptation of the MABC-2 Checklist for DCD diagnostics in the Czech Republic.
Východiska: Vývojová porucha pohybové koordinace (DCD) u dětí je často spojena se zhoršeným zpracováním vizuálně prostorových informací. Cíle: Cílem této studie bylo prozkoumat účinek vidění při řízení chůze u dětí s normálním vývojem motoriky (NM) a dětí s rizikem DCD (DCDR). Metodika: 16 dětí s NM (věk 9,1 ± 1,0 roků) a 16 dětí s DCDR (8,7 ± 0,8 roků) provedli chůzi v přímém směru v délce 10 metrů. Zařízením Optojump byly měřeny časové, rychlostní a vzdálenostní charakteristiky vzorce chůze při plném vidění (PV) a bez vidění (BV). Výsledky byly zpracovány dvoufaktorovou analýzou rozptylu 2 × 2 ANOVA se smíšenými efekty (2 skupiny – NM vs. DCDR × 2 zrakové podmínky – PV vs. BV) s opakovaným měřením (α = ,05). Výsledky: Výsledky odhalily, že chůze dětí s DCDR se vyznačovala kratšími a pomalejšími kroky než chůze dětí s NM. Vyloučení zraku také ovlivnilo parametry krokového cyklu včetně stojné fáze, jednooporové fáze, fáze zatěžování a předšvihové fáze bez ohledu na úroveň motorické koordinace. Závěry: Výsledky tohoto experimentu ukazují, že děti s vývojově zhoršenou pohybovou koordinací mají pravděpodobně zhoršenou senzomotorickou integraci nebo zhoršenou schopnost pro online řízení pohybu. Vyšší závislost těchto dětí na vizuálních informacích nebo zhoršené využívání proprioceptivních vstupů při povádění chodecké lokomoce v jednoduchých stálých podmínkách prostředí se neprokázaly.
Background: Motor coordination problems of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have been frequently associated with poor visuospatial processing. Objective: The aim this study has been to investigate a role of the vision in the motor control of walking between typical developing children (TD) and children at risk of DCD (DCDR). Methods: Participants included 16 TD (mean age 9.1, SD 1.0 years), and 16 DCDR, (mean age 8.7, SD 0.8 years) who walked along a 10 meter walkway using the Optojump instrument to assess the spatio-temporal variables of the gait pattern in full vision (FV) and non-vision (NV) conditions. Data was analyzed in a two-way mixed-effect ANOVA (2 groups – TD vs. DCDR, 2 visual conditions – FV vs. NV) with repeated measurement on the last factor (p ≤ .05). Results: The results demonstrated that DCDR children walked slower and with shorter steps than their TD peers. Also, withdrawing the vision affects some parameters of the gait cycle including the stance-phase, single-support, load-response and pre-swing regardless of the level of motor coordination of the children. Conclusions: A higher dependency on visual information or impaired utilization of proprioceptive inputs for execution of simple walk in the stable environment were not confirmed in the children with motor difficulties.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy motorických dovedností * MeSH
- posturální rovnováha MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon MeSH
- zrak MeSH
- zraková percepce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Východiská: Vývojová porucha koordinácie (DCD), tiež známa ako vývojová dyspraxia, je neurologická porucha, objavujúca sa v detstve, ktorá môže mať vplyv na plánovanie a koordináciu pohybov. Problémy s rovnováhou sú jedným z najčastejšie pozorovaných vonkajších prejavov u detí s touto vývojovou poruchou a môžu mať výrazný vplyv na ich každodennú pohybovú činnosť, akou je napríklad chôdza. Cieľ: Cieľom predloženej štúdie bolo porovnať priestorovo-časové parametre chôdze u detí s rizikom DCD, u ktorých boli diagnostikované aj problémy s rovnováhou. Metodika: Účastníkmi štúdie boli deti (n = 28, priemerný vek = 8,6 ± 1,0) zo základných škôl. Test MABC-2 bol použit na vyhodnotenie motorickej úrovne detí a určenie úrovne rovnovážnych schopností. Optické zariadenie Optojump-Next bolo použité na získanie priestorovo-časových parametrov počas chôdze. Získané dáta boli štatisticky spracované za pomoci software IBM SPSS-21. Výsledky: Výsledky ukázali rozdiely medzi deťmi s rizikom DCD a bežnými deťmi v dĺžke kroku (p < 0,001), v dĺžke dvojkroku (p < 0,001), v stojnej fáze (p = 0,007, resp. p = 0,017), v dvojooporovej fáze (p = 0,011, resp. p = 0,032), v jednooporovej fáze (p < 0,001), vo fáze kontaktu (p = 0,021), v záťažovej fáze (p = 0,047), v predšvihovej fáze (p = 0,002), v švihovej fáze (p = 0,015, resp. p = 0,004) a tiež v rýchlosti kroku (p < 0,001). Závery: Na rozdiel od predloženej štúdie väčšina doterajších prác, ktoré sa zameriavajú na problematiku chôdze u detí s rizikom DCD, vychádza len z celkových výsledkov hodnotenia motorickej úrovne detí, pričom priamo nezohľadňuje výsledky úrovne rovnováhy. To môže do značnej miery skresliť dosiahnuté výsledky, pretože nie všetky deti s DCD musia disponovať zároveň problémami s rovnováhou. Pri špecifických úlohách je nutné brať do úvahy nielen celkové skóre jedincov, ale aj výsledné skóre samotných testov, ktoré môžu mať priamy vplyv na vykonávania stanovenej úlohy.
Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental dyspraxia, is a chronic neurological disorder beginning in childhood, that can affect planning of movements and coordination. Balance dysfunction is one of the most common sensorimotor impairments observed among children with DCD, which may have influence on daily living activities, such as walking. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare spatio-temporal parameters of gait between typically development (TD) children and children at risk of DCD, who had also problems with balance and assess the impact of these problems on selected parameters and phases in a gait cycle. Methods: Children (n = 28, Mage = 8.6 ± 1.0 years) were part of this study. The results of MABC-2 were used to classify motor competence level in children and also for a determinantion of the balance level. OptojumpNext was used to collect spatio-temporal parameters related to the gait patterns. The IBM SPSS-21 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that children at risk of DCD were different from TD children in the step length (p < .001), in the stride length (p < .001), in the stance phase (p = .007, resp. p = .017), in the double support phase (p = .011, resp. p = .032), in the single support phase (p < .001), in the contact phase (p = .021), in the loading phase (p = .047), in the pre-swing phase (p = .002), in the swing phase (p = .015, resp. p = .004) and in the step speed (p < .001). Conclusion: The majority of previous works, which are focused on walking in children at risk of DCD, are based only on results of the evaluation of the complex motor level of children and they ignore the results of the balance level. This can largely distort conclusions, because not all the children with DCD have balance problems. It is necessary to work with the result of single tests, which are closely connected with the task and not only with the total test score of test batteries, because they may have a big impact on the final result.
- Klíčová slova
- vývojová dyspraxie,
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy motorických dovedností * MeSH
- posturální rovnováha MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
