INTRODUCTION: Late capsular bag distension syndrome (CBS) is a rare complication of the ^lcataract surgery. AIM: The aim is to present 9 cases with delayed presentation and describe their successful management with surgical approach. METHOD: A two-year retrospective review of 9 cases was undertaken. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to confirm this diagnosis. Aspiration of the milky fluid with 26 gauge needle followed by capsular bag lavage was performed and aspirated fluid was examined. RESULTS: Patients showed signs of late CBS 6,56 ± 1,94 years after uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation into the capsular bag. All 9 patients presented with a turbid fluid collection within the distended capsular bag. AS-OCT showed a hyper-reflective material in the space between the IOL and distended posterior capsule. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the manifestations of CBS and choice of the correct imaging modality may lead to regular diagnosis and successful treatment. Management with aspiration of the milky fluid and lavage of the capsular bag is technically safe and effective procedure. It has the advantage of microbial testing of the fluid. AS-OCT is useful tool to differentiate this condition clearly from IOL opacification and posterior capsule opacification.

• MeSH
• Phacoemulsification * MeSH
• Lens Implantation, Intraocular * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lens Diseases diagnosis   etiology   surgery   MeSH
• Tomography, Optical Coherence * MeSH
• Postoperative Complications * MeSH
• Lens Capsule, Crystalline * surgery   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Syndrome MeSH
• Visual Acuity physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical equivalence of biosimilar QL1205 and reference ranibizumab, Lucentis, in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). DESIGN: This was a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, controlled phase III trial. PARTICIPANTS: Treatment-naive patients with active nAMD were randomly assigned to receive QL1205 or reference ranibizumab. METHODS: Patients received intravitreal injection of QL1205 or reference ranibizumab at a dose of 0.5 mg in the study eye once every 4 weeks for 48 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by ETDRS letters at week 8 compared with baseline level. Biosimilarity of QL1205 to reference ranibizumab was assessed with an equivalence range for the difference in BCVA letters between -3.49 and +3.49. RESULTS: Between June 27, 2019 and June 8, 2021, 616 patients were randomized to the QL1205 group (n = 308) and the reference ranibizumab group (n = 308). The mean improvement of BCVA was +6.3 ± 9.13 ETDRS letters in the QL1205 group and +7.3 ± 8.82 ETDRS letters in the reference ranibizumab group at week 8. Both the 90% confidence interval (CI, -2.23 to 0.13) and 95% CI (-2.46 to 0.36) of the difference between the 2 treatment groups (P = 0.1434) were within the predefined equivalence range. Safety profiles were manageable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: QL1205 was biosimilar to reference ranibizumab regarding clinical efficacy, ocular and systemic safety, as well as immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics profiles in the treatment of patients with nAMD. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

• MeSH
• Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals * administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Double-Blind Method MeSH
• Angiogenesis Inhibitors administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Intravitreal Injections MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Tomography, Optical Coherence MeSH
• Ranibizumab * administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A antagonists & inhibitors   MeSH
• Wet Macular Degeneration * drug therapy   diagnosis   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Visual Acuity * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial, Phase III MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Human migration is an increasingly common phenomenon and migrants are at risk of disadvantageous treatment. We reasoned that migrants may receive differential treatment by locals based on the closeness of their facial features to the host average. Residents of Türkiye, the country with the largest number of refugees currently, served as participants. Because many of these refugees are of Arabic origin, we created target facial stimuli varying along the axis connecting Turkish and Arabic morphological prototypes (excluding skin colour) computed using geometric morphometrics and available databases. Participants made judgements of two universal dimensions of social perception-warmth and competence-on these faces. We predicted that participants judging faces manipulated towards the Turkish average would provide higher warmth and competence ratings compared to judging the same faces manipulated towards the Arabic average. Bayesian statistical tools were employed to estimate parameter values in multilevel models with intercorrelated varying effects. The findings did not support the prediction and revealed raters (as well as target faces) to be an important source of variation in social judgements. In the absence of simple cues (e.g. skin colour, group labels), the effect of facial morphology on social judgements may be much more complex than previously assumed.

• MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Judgment * MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Face anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Facial Recognition physiology   MeSH
• Social Perception * MeSH
• Stereotyping * MeSH
• Refugees psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Turkey MeSH

Artists and laypeople differ in their ability to create drawings. Previous research has shown that artists have improved memory performance during drawing; however, it is unclear whether they have better visual memory after the drawing is finished. In this paper, we focused on the question of differences in visual memory between art students and the general population in two studies. In Study 1, both groups studied a set of images and later drew them in a surprise visual recall test. In Study 2, the drawings from Study 1 were evaluated by a different set of raters based on their drawing quality and similarity to the original image to link drawing evaluations with memory performance for both groups. We found that both groups showed comparable visual recognition memory performance; however, the artist group showed increased recall memory performance. Moreover, they produced drawings that were both better quality and more similar to the original image. Individually, participants whose drawings were rated as better showed higher recognition accuracy. Results from Study 2 also have practical implications for the usage of drawing as a tool for measuring free recall - the majority of the drawings were recognizable, and raters showed a high level of consistency during their evaluation of the drawings. Taken together, we found that artists have better visual recall memory than laypeople.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Mental Recall * physiology   MeSH
• Recognition, Psychology * physiology   MeSH
• Pattern Recognition, Visual * physiology   MeSH
• Students * MeSH
• Art * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Existing research indicates that the shape of various facial regions is linked to perceived attractiveness and perceived formidability. Interestingly, little evidence shows that people directly focus on these specific facial regions during judgments of attractiveness and formidability, and there is little support for the notion that the levels of attractiveness and formidability affect raters' visual attention. We employed eye-tracking to examine visual attention (the number of fixations and dwell time) in 40 women and 37 men, while they assessed 45 male faces in life-sized photographs for attractiveness and formidability. The facial photographs were grouped by varying levels of attractiveness and formidability (low, medium, and high). Our results showed that regardless of the characteristics rated, both men and women paid the most visual attention to the eyes, nose, mouth, and forehead regions. We found statistically discernible variation in visual attention in relation to the rater's sex or target's attractiveness levels for other facial features (the chin, cheeks, or ears), but these differences may not be substantial enough to have practical implications. We suggest that the eyes, the nose, and the mouth regions play a central role in the evolution of face perception as regions most salient to the acquisition of informative cues about others. Further, during both attractiveness and formidability judgments, men looked longer at the stimuli than women did, which may hint at increased difficulty of this task for men, possibly because they compare themselves with the stimuli. Additionally, irrespective of sex, raters looked marginally longer at faces with a medium level of formidability than at those with a high formidability level, which may reflect ambiguity of these stimuli and uncertainty regarding assessment. We found no other significantly relationships between the target's attractiveness and formidability levels and the rater's visual attention to whole faces.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Beauty MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Judgment MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Face * MeSH
• Attention * physiology   MeSH
• Facial Recognition physiology   MeSH
• Eye-Tracking Technology MeSH
• Choice Behavior physiology   MeSH
• Visual Perception physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The human mind, trying to perceive events coherently, creates the illusion of continuous time passage. Empirical evidence suggests distortions in subjectively perceived time flow associated with well-studied neural responses to sensory stimuli. This study aimed to investigate whether visually uncomfortable patterns, causing exceptionally strong brain activation, affect short time estimates and whether these estimates vary based on the overall reported sensory sensitivity and cortical excitability of individuals. Two experiments in virtual reality testing our assumptions at different levels of complexity of timed stimuli provided initial insight into the studied processes in highly controlled and realistic conditions. Data analysis results did not support our hypotheses, but showed that subjectively most visually uncomfortable simple patterns, i.e., achromatic gratings, cause more variable temporal judgments. Supposedly, this inaccuracy depends on the currently perceived visual comfort and thus the current visual system sensitivity, which cannot be satisfactorily derived from trait-based measures. The exploration of the effect of complex stimuli, i.e., virtual exteriors, suggested that their visual comfort does not affect time perception at all. Biological sex was an important variable across experiments, as males experienced temporal compression of stimuli compared to females. Neuroimaging research is needed for a deeper investigation of the origin of these results.Protocol registration: The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this Registered Report was in-principle accepted on 4 March 2024 prior to data collection for hypothesis testing. The accepted version of the manuscript can be found in the publicly available OSF repository at https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K3YZE .

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Brain physiology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Photic Stimulation methods   MeSH
• Virtual Reality MeSH
• Time Perception * physiology   MeSH
• Visual Perception * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Research has shown that external focus (EF) instructions-directing attention to intended movement effects (e.g., ball's or dart's path)-are more effective for enhancing motor performance and learning than internal focus (IF) instructions, which focus on body movements (e.g., arm or foot motion). Nonetheless, the impact of visuospatial working memory capacity (WMC) in this context, especially among children, has been less investigated. This research sought to examine the effects of EF compared to IF on the skill acquisition and motor learning of a dart-throwing task among children with both high and low visuospatial WMC. Forty-eight boys aged 9-11 (Mage: 9.67 ± 0.76 years) were grouped by high or low WMC based on spatial span and memory tests, then assigned to receive either EF or IF instructions. The experiment comprised three stages: practice, retention, and two transfer tests, including throwing from a longer distance and a dual-task scenario with added cognitive load (tone counting). Results showed that EF outperformed IF at all stages. While WMC did not affect performance during practice and retention, children with low WMC performed better than those with high WMC during the longer distance test. In dual-task conditions, an EF continued to surpass an IF, whilst the WMC exerted no significant impact. The present findings suggest that an EF relative to an IF promotes more automatic movement and enhanced multitasking, while the impact of visuospatial WMC was less than expected, highlighting the benefits of EF in teaching motor skills to children, regardless of visuospatial WMC.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Memory, Short-Term * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Motor Skills * physiology   MeSH
• Attention * physiology   MeSH
• Psychomotor Performance * physiology   MeSH
• Learning physiology   MeSH
• Space Perception physiology   MeSH
• Visual Perception physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Vision Disorders * diagnosis   MeSH
• Visual Field Tests classification   methods   MeSH
• Visual Fields * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Astigmatism MeSH
• Contraindications, Procedure MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Multifocal Intraocular Lenses * MeSH
• Refractive Errors therapy   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Anxiety complications   MeSH
• Visual Acuity MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• Keywords
• zdánlivý pohyb,
• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Eye MeSH
• Self Care * methods   MeSH
• Computers MeSH
• Motor Activity MeSH
• Eye Movements MeSH
• Relaxation Therapy methods   MeSH
• Vision, Ocular * MeSH
• Visual Perception MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Popular Work MeSH