The recent research findings concerning syndromes of muscle wasting, malnutrition, and inflammation in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) have led to a need for new terminology. To address this need, the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) convened an expert panel to review and develop standard terminologies and definitions related to wasting, cachexia, malnutrition, and inflammation in CKD and AKI. The ISRNM expert panel recommends the term 'protein-energy wasting' for loss of body protein mass and fuel reserves. 'Kidney disease wasting' refers to the occurrence of protein-energy wasting in CKD or AKI regardless of the cause. Cachexia is a severe form of protein-energy wasting that occurs infrequently in kidney disease. Protein-energy wasting is diagnosed if three characteristics are present (low serum levels of albumin, transthyretin, or cholesterol), reduced body mass (low or reduced body or fat mass or weight loss with reduced intake of protein and energy), and reduced muscle mass (muscle wasting or sarcopenia, reduced mid-arm muscle circumference). The kidney disease wasting is divided into two main categories of CKD- and AKI-associated protein-energy wasting. Measures of chronic inflammation or other developing tests can be useful clues for the existence of protein-energy wasting but do not define protein-energy wasting. Clinical staging and potential treatment strategies for protein-energy wasting are to be developed in the future.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- energetický metabolismus MeSH
- kachexie diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin komplikace MeSH
- podvýživa diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- syndrom chřadnutí diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- zánět diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin dietoterapie komplikace terapie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peritoneální dialýza * MeSH
- protein-energetická malnutrice * dietoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- konsensus - konference MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin dietoterapie komplikace MeSH
- dialýza ledvin MeSH
- komplikace diabetu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- protein-energetická malnutrice diagnóza dietoterapie epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- uremie * dietoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- konsensus - konference MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- amyloid krev MeSH
- ateroskleróza MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein krev MeSH
- dialýza ledvin MeSH
- kardiovaskulární systém patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
