BACKGROUND: Findings on the link between the number of children and dementia risk are inconsistent, mostly studied in females, suggesting pregnancy-related changes may be a key factor in this association. METHODS: The Adult Changes in Thought Study is a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years from Kaiser Permanente Washington. The primary exposure was the number of children (0, 1, 2, 3 or ≥4), and the outcome was an incident dementia diagnosis. Cox proportional-hazards models were adjusted for demographic and early-life socioeconomic confounders. Models were then stratified by sex and by birth year <1928 versus ≥1928. RESULTS: Among 4668 participants (average age at enrolment 74.1±SD 6.3 years; 59% female), 967 (21%) had 0 children, 484 (10%) had one child, 1240 (27%) had two children, 968 (21%) had three children and 1009 (22%) had four or more children. We found no association between the number of children and dementia overall or after stratification by birth cohort. When stratified by sex and adjusting for confounders, having ≥4 children compared with two children was associated with a higher rate of dementia in males (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). CONCLUSIONS: The number of children was not consistently associated with the risk of dementia. We observed a greater risk of dementia only among males who had ≥4 children, with the lower bound of the 95% CI marginally exceeding 1. These findings suggest that the number of children may influence the risk of dementia through other than pregnancy-related pathways.
- MeSH
- charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
- demence * epidemiologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Washington MeSH
A new species of sphaerosporid myxosporean, Sphaerospora elwhaiensis sp. n., is described from kidney of non-anadromous sockeye salmon (kokanee) Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) from Lake Sutherland in the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. Infection with the parasite was detected in 45% of 177 kokanee examined over 5 years. While conforming to the morphological criteria by which members of the genus are defined, the parasite is distinguished from congeners in salmonids of western North America by a unique combination of valvular sculpting of the myxospore, the relatively large size of the myxospore and monosporous development within the pseudoplasmodium. In addition, nucleotide sequences of the parasite’s small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene are unique. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences suggested that the parasite is most closely related to freshwater Myxidium spp. and Zschokkella spp. The molecular data have provided further evidence for a polyphyletic association previously recognized among members of the genus and emphasize the need for a taxonomic revision of Sphaerospora Thélohan, 1892 and related genera.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- ledviny parazitologie MeSH
- losos parazitologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Myxozoa genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika chemie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- spory ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Washington MeSH
- MeSH
- hormonální substituční terapie metody MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamografie MeSH
- menopauza MeSH
- nádory prsu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Washington MeSH
- MeSH
- psychiatrie MeSH
- psychofarmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Washington MeSH
elektronický časopis
- MeSH
- AIDS epidemiologie MeSH
- HIV infekce epidemiologie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Washington MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- dermatovenerologie
- epidemiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- elektronické časopisy
- MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- nadechnutí MeSH
- radioaktivní znečišťující látky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Washington MeSH
Public Health Service publication ; no. 721
10, 222 s.
- MeSH
- nemocnice - plánování MeSH
- péče o pacienta MeSH
- řízení nemocnice MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chicago MeSH
- Washington MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- analýzy
