BACKGROUND: Recreational football is an intense, versatile form of exercise with multiple high- and odd-impact actions. Recreational football is therefore hypothesized to be suitable for bone modeling and bone health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of recreational football on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone turnover markers (BTM). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched prior to September 2021. A manual database search was also performed using the following key terms, either singly or in combination: recreational football/soccer, street football/soccer, recreational small-sided games, effect, influence, impact, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, bone turnover marker, bone health, osteogenesis, CTX, osteocalcin, P1NP. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised and matched controlled trials with participants allocated to a recreational football group or any other type of training intervention or passive control group were included. The primary outcome measures were total BMD, lower limb BMD, total BMC, lower limb BMC, osteocalcin, procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX). A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comprehensive Meta-analysis V.2 software (Biostat, Englewood, New Jersey, USA) was used for the meta-analyses. RISK OF BIAS: Agreement between the two reviewers was assessed using RoB2 tool and k statistics for full-text screening and rating of relevance and risk of bias. The k agreement rate between reviewers was k = 0.92. RESULTS: The football interventions included were based on studies having a duration of 12-64 weeks with one 5-year follow-up study and with a training frequency of 1-3 sessions/wk. Training sessions were 45-60 min sessions of 3v3 - 7v7 small-sided games. The subjects covered an age span from 9 to 73 years. Five studies examined recreational football effects in females, nine studies in males and three studies included both sexes. Recreational football training produced a statistically significant effect (mean difference = 0.02 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval: 0.00-0.03, P = 0.02) on lower limb BMD and negligible effects for total BMD compared to no-exercise controls. The recreational football effects on total and lower limb BMC, when compared to both no-exercise controls and exercise controls, were negligible. A moderate to large significant increase in osteocalcin, P1NP and CTX was observed for recreational football compared to both no-exercise controls and exercise controls. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, recreational football training regimes lasting 12-64 weeks have a large osteogenic impact on bone turnover markers in comparison with no-exercise controls as well as exercise controls, and beneficial effects on lower limb BMD compared to no-exercise controls. Short and medium duration recreational football interventions have negligible effects on whole-body BMD and BMC (total and lower limb), with magnitudes similar to those of other exercise modes.
- MeSH
- americký fotbal * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fotbal * MeSH
- kostní denzita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- osteokalcin MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Chronotype refer to individuals' time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified as "morning types = (M-types)", "evening types = (E-types)", and "neither types (N-types)". The primary aim of this study was to compare the chronotype distribution of Czech First League (1L) and Czech National Football League (2L) male elite football players, which was divided into two secondary aims: (i) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 1L, and (ii) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 2L. The present cross-sectional study employed a self-reported standardized questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness, to study the chronotype distribution among the male elite football players. The chronotype distribution of 139 (85 from 1L with mean age ± S.D. = 25.5 ± 3.7 years and 54 from 2L age = 24.4 ± 4.5 years) players was assessed. Overall, 61 (71.8%) of the participants from 1L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. Similarly, 40 (74.1%) participants from 2L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. The statistical analysis of the 1L players showed a significantly higher presence of N-types compared to M- and E-types (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The same results were detected in 2L, where the N-type was identified in the majority of football players (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The statistical comparison of the number of presented chronotypes did not show a significant difference (F = 3.29, p > .05, V = .16) between players of the 1L and 2L. Thus, N-types are dominant among Czech elite football players, and the chronotype distribution of male elite football players from the Czech First League and the Czech National Football League does not vary.
- MeSH
- americký fotbal * MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fotbal * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- sedmičkové ragby,
- MeSH
- americký fotbal * statistika a číselné údaje zranění MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ochranné prostředky MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sportovní úrazy * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The results of the prospective study evaluating the outcomes of a combined therapeutic approach of non-operative therapy of Groin Pain Syndrome (GPS) in professional football players are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS The evaluated cohort consisted of a total of 31 football players of a professional football club divided into two groups. The Group 1 included 10 symptomatic patients suffering from GPS for at least 4 weeks, the Control Group 2 included 21 healthy football players not suffering from GPS. The symptomatic patients with GPS who had undergone any surgery or had sustained any major injury to their low back, groins, hip or knee joints were excluded from the study. It was a prospective non-randomized study. The results were evaluated using the HAGOS (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score) questionnaire, which in Group 1 compared the results before the initiation of the new combined therapeutic approach of non-operative therapy developed by us and the results after the end of this treatment, i.e. after 6 weeks. Moreover, the HAGOS was used to compare the results of the Group 1 after the treatment and the Control Group 2, i.e. the healthy football players. The HAGOS evaluated six separate areas: Pain, Symptoms, Physical function in daily living, Physical function in sport and recreation, Participation in physical activities, and hip and/or groin-related Quality of Life. The resulting score for each domain ranges from 0 to 100 (100 = no problems, 0 = extreme problems). The results were statistically evaluated by an independent statistician. RESULTS In Group 1, after the end of the treatment a statistically significant improvement was observed in all the parameters assessed by HAGOS. Pain (70 before the treatment, 95 after the treatment), Symptoms (58.9 before/85.7 after), Physical function in daily living (70 before/100 after), Physical function in sport (46.9 before/90.6 after), Participation in physical activities (43.8 before/100 after), Quality of Life (66.3 before/95 after). When comparing the two groups, before the treatment a statistically significant difference was found in all the six parameters assessed by HAGOS, while after the treatment no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 was detected. DISCUSSION The most important result of our study is that by applying the new combined therapeutic approach of the GPS nonoperative therapy developed by us better HAGOS score were achieved in our cohort than those achieved by other types of non-operative therapy presented in recent literature. The approach proposed by us is more successful in terms of the speed of return to sport (6 weeks) than the multimodal therapy programme (12 weeks) and Training programme (18 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The results of this prospective study confirm that the Group 1 having undergone the 6-weeek long combined symptomatic non-operative therapy of GPS proposed by us showed a statistically significant improvement in all the parameters assessed by HAGOS and these values showed no statistically significant difference from those of the Control Group of healthy individuals. Key words: Groin Pain Syndrome (GPS), professional football player, HAGOS (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome), symptomatic therapy.
- MeSH
- americký fotbal zranění MeSH
- bolesti břicha terapie MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- muskuloskeletální bolest terapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sportovní úrazy terapie MeSH
- třísla zranění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinická studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a newly developed warm-up programme ('11+ Kids') regarding its potential to reduce injuries in children's football. METHODS: Children's football teams (under 9 years, under 11 years, and under 13 years age groups) from Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands were invited. Clubs were randomised to an intervention group and a control group, and followed for one season. The intervention group replaced their usual warm-up by '11+ Kids', while the control group warmed up as usual. The primary outcome was the overall risk of football-related injuries. Secondary outcomes were the risks of severe and lower extremity injuries. We calculated hazard ratios using extended Cox models, and performed a compliance analysis. RESULTS: In total, 292,749 h of football exposure of 3895 players were recorded. The mean age of players was 10.8 (standard deviation 1.4) years. During the study period, 374 (intervention group = 139; control group = 235) injuries occurred. The overall injury rate in the intervention group was reduced by 48% compared with the control group (hazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.86). Severe (74% reduction, hazard ratio 0.26; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.64) and lower extremity injuries (55% reduction, hazard ratio 0.45; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.84) were also reduced. Injury incidence decreased with increasing compliance. CONCLUSION: '11+ Kids' is efficacious in reducing injuries in children's football. We observed considerable effects for overall, severe and lower extremity injuries. The programme should be performed at least once per week to profit from an injury preventive effect. However, two sessions per week can be recommended to further increase the protective benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02222025.
- MeSH
- americký fotbal MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fotbal MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění dolní končetiny prevence a kontrola MeSH
- sportovní úrazy prevence a kontrola MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost fyziologie MeSH
- zahřívací cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Příspěvek se zabývá základní charakteristikou amerického fotbalu a herní funkcí quarterbacka. Autoři zkoumají jeho herní aktivitu ve 2O sledovaných utkáních ve třech různých soutěžích - České lize amerického fotbalu, Národní fotbalové lize a National Collegiate Athletic Association. Získaná statistická data jsou využita k porovnání vztahu mezi četností házených přihrávek v jednotlivých pokusech hry v poměru k ostatním útočným akcím, k porovnání způsobu hry českých a amerických družstev. Autoři ze získaných údajů konstatují, že americká družstva více preferují herní systém s vyšší mírou četnosti házených přihrávek, což je podmíněno a dáno do souvislosti s lépe zvládnutými herními činnostmi jednotlivců, dokonale zpracovanou metodikou tréninku quarterbacka spolu s jeho výsadním postavením v hierarchii družstva. Součástí příspěvku je i základní charakteristika hry sledované herní funkce, popis profilu úspěšného quarterbacka a prezentace požadavků kladených na tuto herní funkci.
The current study is focused on the brief characteristics of American football and the position of quarterback. The authors analyse quarterback's activity during the game in 20 matches in three various competitions in the Czech Republic and in the U.S.A. The obtained data give the possibility to evaluate the quarterback´s actions in particular downs and also show specific differences between the Czech and the American leagues. The authors also explain the basic rules of this sport and provide overall preview into the position of quarterback. They present a potential profile of the successful quarterback, his personality features, physical dispositions and way of winner´s thinking.
- MeSH
- americký fotbal * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sportovní výkon * MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- zlomeniny krční páteře a poškození míchy, hráči fotbalu, telemetrické biomechanické sledování,
- MeSH
- americký fotbal zranění MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- krční obratle zranění MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- sportovní úrazy MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- souhrny MeSH
The purpose of the present study was to examine and contrast emotional experiences of rugby and wheelchair rugby players by utilizing the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model. The IZOF questionnaire was completed by 26 male rugby and 11 wheelchair rugby players. The content of emotions was studied as a) frequency of separate adjectives from the emotion profiles, b) frequency of adjectives clustered in groups of synonyms, and c) displaying frequency of helpful and harmful effect of the adjectives. To compare the contents of emotions between rugby and wheelchair rugby players the Chi-Square test was used. To compare the intensities of emotions on the inter-group level we utilized Mann-Whitney U Test. The data revealed several significant differences (p < 0,05) between the two teams in selected emotion content (in 6 out of 48 groups of synonyms) and in indicated emotion intensities (during the best ever performance in 6 cases and during the worst ever performance in 1 case out of 48 groups). The analysis also demonstrated that wheelchair rugby players perceived harmful negative emotions during their worst ever performance at significantly higher intensity compared to the rugby players. The results support utilizing an individual approach in studies of performance-related emotional experiences and suggest that the IZOF model was applicable to research in emotional experiences of athletes with disabilities.
- Klíčová slova
- výkon, dotazník IZOF, srovnání, týmový sport,
- MeSH
- americký fotbal MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postižení MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychologické modely MeSH
- sportovní výkon psychologie MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Several authors have investigated the frequency of football injuries in youth players. However, the results of these studies are inconsistent because of the different age groups investigated and the different methods applied. The aim of the present study was to compare the incidence and characteristics of football injuries in youth players of two European regions. A total of 444 youth players from the Czech Republic and the Alsace region of France and Germany were followed weekly for 1 year. In 311 players (70%), complete weekly follow-ups over the 1-year period were available. The comparison of injury data revealed no substantial differences between players from the Alsace region and the Czech Republic in injury incidence per 1000 hours of exposure, degree of injury severity, or the circumstances in which the injuries occurred. However, players from the Czech Republic spent more time in training and playing football than did players from the Alsace region, and in the Czech Republic a higher proportion of injuries was caused by foul play. With only a few exceptions, the statistics were similar in the amount of football played as well as in the incidence of injury between different age and skill levels in both European regions.
- MeSH
- americký fotbal zranění MeSH
- fotbal zranění MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sportovní úrazy epidemiologie MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Francie MeSH
- Německo MeSH
