This study evaluated the effects of a hyperaccumulator plant (Arabidopsis halleri), containing surplus of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) and being an admixture to the rat feed, on concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the tissues of experimental rats infected/uninfected with the tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta). Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (00, P0, and PT); the P0 and PT animals were fed a standard mixture for rats (ST-1) supplemented with the plant A. halleri at a weekly Zn and Cd dosage of 123 and 1 mg, respectively. Moreover, rats from the group PT were infected with the tapeworm. The group 00 served as control animals fed only ST-1 having no tapeworm infection. Rats were euthanized after 6 weeks, and Cu, Fe, and Mn levels were determined in rat and tapeworm tissues. The results indicated that both the consumption of hyperaccumulator plant and/or presence of tapeworms did have significant effect on Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in the host tissues. Concentrations of all the elements were higher in the rat liver and partially kidneys than in the tapeworms, and the concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Mn were affected by the consumption of Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator plants. Particularly, Fe concentrations in all rat tissues were significantly increased by consumption of A. halleri while decreased by the presence of tapeworms. Overall, the consumption of a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator plant and tapeworm infection cause an imbalance in Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in the tissues of a consumer (experimental rats).
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis metabolism MeSH
- Hymenolepiasis metabolism MeSH
- Hymenolepis diminuta * MeSH
- Ions MeSH
- Cadmium metabolism MeSH
- Animal Feed MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Manganese metabolism MeSH
- Copper metabolism MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Trace Elements metabolism MeSH
- Metals, Heavy metabolism MeSH
- Iron metabolism MeSH
- Zinc metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The effect of gastrointestinal helminths on Pb accumulation in the host body is ambiguous. A laboratory experiment with Rattus norvegicus/Hymenolepis diminuta model was conducted to determine Pb toxicokinetics in a terrestrial host-parasite system. The ET-AAS or ICP-OES techniques were used to determine Pb concentrations (CPb) in both tapeworms and host tissues (kidney, liver, bone, testes, muscle and intestinal wall). Concerning the entire host-parasite system, the highest CPb were detected in H. diminuta. Rat kidneys and bone were the only two tissues whose mean Pb levels were lower in parasitized animals than they were in non-infected subjects after both levels of exposure. At low Pb exposure, parasitization slightly changed the Pb toxicokinetics in the host body. However, with respect to tissue at the same exposure level, no significant differences were detected between the parasitized and non-parasitized animals and no significant correlations were found between CPb in tapeworms and those of host tissues. The results of this study indicate that H. diminuta does not protect rat from elevated Pb exposure even if tapeworm accumulates a higher portion of ingested Pb dose compared with that of the most Pb-loaded host soft tissue. The portion of Pb dose accumulated in H. diminuta correlates positively with parasite biomass.
- MeSH
- Hymenolepiasis metabolism parasitology MeSH
- Hymenolepis diminuta physiology MeSH
- Host-Parasite Interactions * MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Lead metabolism MeSH
- Organ Specificity MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The drug-metabolizing enzymes of some helminths can deactivate anthelmintics and therefore partially protect helminths against these drugs' toxic effect. The aim of our study was to assess the activity of the main drug-metabolizing enzymes and evaluate the metabolism of selected anthelmintics (albendazole, flubendazole, mebendazole) in the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta, a species often used as a model tapeworm. In vitro and ex vivo experiments were performed. Metabolites of the anthelmintics were detected and identified by HPLC with spectrofluorometric or mass-spectrometric detection. The enzymes of H. diminuta are able to reduce the carbonyl group of flubendazole, mebendazole and several other xenobiotics. Although the activity of a number of oxidation enzymes was determined, no oxidative metabolites of albendazole were detected. Regarding conjugation enzymes, a high activity of glutathione S-transferase was observed. A methyl derivative of reduced flubendazole was the only conjugation metabolite identified in ex vivo incubations of H. diminuta with anthelmintics. The results revealed that H. diminuta metabolized flubendazole and mebendazole, but not albendazole. The biotransformation pathways found in H. diminuta differ from those described in Moniezia expanza and suggest the interspecies differences in drug metabolism not only among classes of helminths, but even among tapeworms.
- MeSH
- Albendazole metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Anthelmintics chemistry metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Biotransformation MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Glutathione Transferase metabolism MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Hymenolepiasis parasitology MeSH
- Hymenolepis diminuta drug effects enzymology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Mebendazole analogs & derivatives chemistry metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Biotransformation enzymes can, to a certain extent, protect parasitic worms against the toxic effects of anthelmintics and can contribute to drug-resistance development. The objective of our work was (1) to find and identify phase I and II metabolites of the anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) formed by the lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum) and the rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) and (2) to compare PZQ metabolites in helminths with PZQ biotransformation in rat as host species. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) was used for this purpose. During in vitro incubations, mitochondria-like and microsomes-like fractions (prepared from homogenates of adult worms or from rat liver homogenate) were incubated with 10 and 100 μM PZQ. Liquid/liquid extraction was used for samples during in vitro experiments. In the ex vivo study, living D. dendriticum and H. diminuta adults were incubated in RPMI-1640 medium in the presence of 50 nM or 100 nM PZQ for 24h. After incubation, the worms were removed from the medium and homogenized. Homogenates of worms, medium from the incubation of worms or rat hepatocytes and rat urine (collected during 24h after oral PZQ administration) were separately extracted using solid-phase extraction. The results showed that both D. dendriticum and H. diminuta enzymatic systems are not able to metabolize PZQ. On the other hand, thirty one different phase I and four phase II PZQ metabolites were detected in rat samples using UHPLC/MS/MS analyses. These results show that our experimental helminths, as the members of tapeworm and fluke groups of parasites, are not able to deactivate PZQ, and that the biotransformation enzymes of the studied helminths do not contribute to PZQ-resistance.
- MeSH
- Anthelmintics metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Dicrocoelium drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Dicrocoeliasis drug therapy parasitology urine MeSH
- Hepatocytes metabolism MeSH
- Hymenolepiasis drug therapy parasitology urine MeSH
- Hymenolepis diminuta drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Praziquantel metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Ascaris lumbricoides pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Ascariasis diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Cestode Infections diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Enterobiasis diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Enterobius pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Drug Therapy methods utilization MeSH
- Hymenolepiasis diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Malaria etiology MeSH
- Nematode Infections diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Parasitic Diseases diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Pediculus pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Primary Prevention methods MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Phthirus pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Sarcoptes scabiei pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Scabies diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Taenia pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Toxocara pathogenicity drug effects MeSH
- Toxocariasis diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Toxoplasmosis etiology MeSH
- Lice Infestations diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
The author deals with the problems of taeniidoses in the region of Gottwaldov and informs about findings of taeniidoses in the parasitological laboratory at OHS Gottwaldov from 1956-1978. During this period of time 31,502 patients were examined because of enteroparasites, and taeniarhynchosis was determined in 355 cases (1.1%). Taenia sodium was only shown in 2 cases. Hymenolepis nana was shown with 18 patients (0.06%). Furthermore 3 cases of echinococcoses in human beings are described, once in the heart, twice in the lungs. In the text there is also a reference to the experiences in treatment. The author points out that taeniidoses have been registered (Surveillance method) in Czechoslovakia since 1979.
- MeSH
- Cestode Infections epidemiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Echinococcosis, Pulmonary diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Echinococcosis diagnostic imaging epidemiology MeSH
- Feces parasitology MeSH
- Hymenolepiasis epidemiology MeSH
- Cardiomyopathies diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Radiography MeSH
- Sputum parasitology MeSH
- Taeniasis epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czechoslovakia MeSH
