Stopové prvky jsou v lidském těle součástí řady důležitých funkcí. Svůj nepochybný význam mají i pro vývoj skeletu od fetálního období s podílem na novotvorbě kosti, a v dospělosti pak v udržení její integrity. Některé stopové prvky mají na kost efekt protektivní (zinek), jiné naopak toxický (kadmium, chrom, kobalt). Měření koncentrací stopových prvků v tělních tekutinách (krev a moč) a ve tkáních (vlasy a kost) umožní identifikovat jedince ohrožené osteoporotickými frakturami v důsledku nutričního deficitu. Článek podává přehled součas- ných znalostí o významu stopových prvků pro fyziologii skeletu.
Trace elements are involved in a number of important functions in the human body. They are of undoubted importance for the development of the skeleton from the foetal period onwards, contributing to new bone formation, and in adulthood to the maintenance of its integrity. Some trace elements have a protective effect on the bone (zinc), others have a toxic effect (cadmium, chromium, cobalt). Measurement of trace element concentrations in body fluids (blood and urine) and tissues (hair and bone) will allow identification of individuals at risk of osteoporotic fractures due to nutritional deficiencies. This article provides current knowledge on the importance of trace elements for skeletal physiology.
- MeSH
- kostra * fyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční nároky MeSH
- stopové prvky * krev metabolismus moč nedostatek toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Olfactory function, orchestrated by the cells of the olfactory mucosa at the rooftop of the nasal cavity, is disturbed early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biometals including zinc and calcium are known to be important for sense of smell and to be altered in the brains of AD patients. Little is known about elemental homeostasis in the AD patient olfactory mucosa. Here we aimed to assess whether the disease-related alterations to biometal homeostasis observed in the brain are also reflected in the olfactory mucosa. We applied RNA sequencing to discover gene expression changes related to metals in olfactory mucosal cells of cognitively healthy controls, individuals with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients, and performed analysis of the elemental content to determine metal levels. Results demonstrate that the levels of zinc, calcium and sodium are increased in the AD olfactory mucosa concomitantly with alterations to 17 genes related to metal-ion binding or metal-related function of the protein product. A significant elevation in alpha-2-macroglobulin, a known metal-binding biomarker correlated with brain disease burden, was observed on the gene and protein levels in the olfactory mucosa cells of AD patients. These data demonstrate that the olfactory mucosa cells derived from AD patients recapitulate certain impairments of biometal homeostasis observed in the brains of patients.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * metabolismus MeSH
- chelátory metabolismus MeSH
- čichová sliznice metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stopové prvky * metabolismus MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- zinek metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The research focused on the evaluation of the impact of cover cropping on trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co and Cd) and nutrients in vineyard soils and Vitis vinifera L. For this purpose, two types of cover crops (Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L.) and their mixture were planted between vine rows of Muscat white in the vineyard in South Crimea. Trace elements, nutrients and other parameters were analyzed in the soil layers, leaves and grapevines of control and cover cropped plots. RESULTS: The effect of cover cropping was dependent on applied plant species. Ryegrass (L. perenne L.) seems to compete with V. vinifera L. for nutrients - these were lower in the soil and vines of the treated plot. In parallel, lead (Pb) bioconcentration in grapevines was reduced. In contrast, under lucerne (M. sativa L.), nitrogen in the soil and vines, and trace metal bioconcentration (Fe, Pb and Co) were higher. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that cover cropping can influence the chemical composition of soil and vines. This should be considered when selecting cover crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- jílek růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Medicago růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- ovoce chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- pěstování plodin metody MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Vitis chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- živiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Naegleria fowleri is a single-cell organism living in warm freshwater that can become a deadly human pathogen known as a brain-eating amoeba. The condition caused by N. fowleri, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, is usually a fatal infection of the brain with rapid and severe onset. Iron is a common element on earth and a crucial cofactor for all living organisms. However, its bioavailable form can be scarce in certain niches, where it becomes a factor that limits growth. To obtain iron, many pathogens use different machineries to exploit an iron-withholding strategy that has evolved in mammals and is important to host-parasite interactions. The present study demonstrates the importance of iron in the biology of N. fowleri and explores the plausibility of exploiting iron as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. We used different biochemical and analytical methods to explore the effect of decreased iron availability on the cellular processes of the amoeba. We show that, under iron starvation, nonessential, iron-dependent, mostly cytosolic pathways in N. fowleri are downregulated, while the metal is utilized in the mitochondria to maintain vital respiratory processes. Surprisingly, N. fowleri fails to respond to acute shortages of iron by inducing the reductive iron uptake system that seems to be the main iron-obtaining strategy of the parasite. Our findings suggest that iron restriction may be used to slow the progression of infection, which may make the difference between life and death for patients.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minerály * aplikace a dávkování klasifikace metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- parodontitida * dietoterapie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- stopové prvky aplikace a dávkování klasifikace metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- vápník fyziologie MeSH
- železo fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- živiny klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Risk and essential elements were determined in fruiting bodies of wild growing edible mushrooms Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Suillus grevillei, Imleria badia, and Xerocomellus chrysenteron collected in an unpolluted site in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic. The elements were also determined in underlying soils and the bioconcentration factors were calculated. The analyses revealed that C. rhacodes accumulated Ag, Cu, Rb, Se, Zn, As, Cd, and Tl. On the other hand, S. grevillei accumulated Cd, Rb, Ag, Se, and Cs. I. badia and X. chrysenteron strongly accumulated Rb, Cs, and Ag; these species showed the ability to accumulate Cu and Zn as well. Contents of detrimental CrVI were in all cases below the quantification limit (0.003 mg kg-1 dry matter). Studied mushroom species (mainly C. rhacodes) accumulated some toxic elements. However, no considerable effect on human health is expected since they are usually consumed as a delicacy and do not represent a major component of diet.
- MeSH
- Agaricales chemie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- jedlé rostliny chemie MeSH
- plodnice hub chemie MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In this study, we assessed concentrations of 13 trace metals in the scales of Notothenia coriiceps, Trematomus bernacchii and Gobionotothen gibberifrons caught off the coast of James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula). Overall, our results for scales broadly match those of previous studies using different fish and different organs, with most metals found at trace levels and manganese, aluminium, iron and zinc occurring at high levels in all species. This suggests that scales can serve as a useful, non-invasive bioindicator of long-term contamination in Antarctic fishes. High accumulation of manganese, aluminium, iron and zinc is largely due to high levels in sediments associated with nearby active volcanic sites. Manganese, vanadium and aluminium showed significant positive bioaccumulation in T. bernacchii (along with non-significant positive accumulation of iron, zinc, cobalt and chromium), most likely due to greater dietary specialisation on sediment feeding benthic prey and higher trophic species. Levels of significance in bioaccumulation regressions were strongly affected by large-scale variation in the data, driven largely by individual differences in diet and/or changes in habitat use and sex differences associated with life stage and reproductive status. Increased levels of both airborne deposition and precipitation and meltwater runoff associated with climate change may be further adding to the already high levels of manganese, aluminium, iron and zinc in Antarctic Peninsula sediments. Further long-term studies are encouraged to elucidate mechanisms of uptake (especially for aluminium and iron) and possible intra- and interspecific impacts of climate change on the delicate Antarctic food web.
- MeSH
- potravní řetězec * MeSH
- ryby metabolismus MeSH
- stopové prvky metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
This study evaluated the effects of a hyperaccumulator plant (Arabidopsis halleri), containing surplus of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) and being an admixture to the rat feed, on concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the tissues of experimental rats infected/uninfected with the tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta). Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (00, P0, and PT); the P0 and PT animals were fed a standard mixture for rats (ST-1) supplemented with the plant A. halleri at a weekly Zn and Cd dosage of 123 and 1 mg, respectively. Moreover, rats from the group PT were infected with the tapeworm. The group 00 served as control animals fed only ST-1 having no tapeworm infection. Rats were euthanized after 6 weeks, and Cu, Fe, and Mn levels were determined in rat and tapeworm tissues. The results indicated that both the consumption of hyperaccumulator plant and/or presence of tapeworms did have significant effect on Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in the host tissues. Concentrations of all the elements were higher in the rat liver and partially kidneys than in the tapeworms, and the concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Mn were affected by the consumption of Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator plants. Particularly, Fe concentrations in all rat tissues were significantly increased by consumption of A. halleri while decreased by the presence of tapeworms. Overall, the consumption of a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator plant and tapeworm infection cause an imbalance in Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in the tissues of a consumer (experimental rats).
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis metabolismus MeSH
- hymenolepiáza metabolismus MeSH
- Hymenolepis diminuta * MeSH
- ionty MeSH
- kadmium metabolismus MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mangan metabolismus MeSH
- měď metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- stopové prvky metabolismus MeSH
- těžké kovy metabolismus MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- zinek metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Currently, chromium is probably the most controversial transition metal. In recent publications it is clearly stated that it is not an essential micronutrient and should be considered to have a pharmacological effect. Conflicting scientific reports along with a huge amount of dietary supplements, as well as dietary and sports nutrients available on the market have prompted the authors to investigate the available information on the range of possible application, efficacy and safety of products containing salts or chelates of chromium III. The authors reviewed articles in electronic databases for the years 1959-2016, and selected works describing the biochemical, physiological and toxic properties of chromium salts and chelates and the range of possible applications in medicine, dietetics and sport. A critical analysis of reports dealing with the effect of chromium on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, body composition, lean body mass and sports performance was carried out. The authors indicated papers analyzing the mechanism of action of chromium in the cognitive and affective disorders. Much attention has been paid to the safety use of chromium III supplements. There are still some unsolved issues. In the field of toxicology, a limited number of reports about environmental exposure to trivalent chromium in the workplace draws our attention. In the field of biochemical research, there is still a need to clarify the mechanism of psychiatric and endocrinological activity, especially in conjunction with the immune system. Med Pr 2018;69(2):211-223.
- MeSH
- chrom metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- sloučeniny chromu metabolismus MeSH
- stopové prvky metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
