• Klíčová slova
• Clogmia albipunctata,
• MeSH
• Diptera anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• hmyz - vektory * anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• hydroxid sodný terapeutické užití   MeSH
• insekticidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kousnutí a bodnutí hmyzem epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• myiáza epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The thermoregulation behavior of Lucilia sericata larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a necrophagous species that feeds on vertebrate cadavers, was investigated. These larvae require high heat incomes to develop, and can elevate temperatures by forming large aggregates. We hypothesized that L. sericata larvae should continue to feed at temperatures up to 38 °C, which can be reached inside larval masses. Thermal regulation behavior such as movement between a hot food spot and colder areas was also postulated. The hypotheses were tested by tracking for 1 h the activity of single, starved third instar larvae in a Petri dish containing 1 food spot (FS) that was heated to a constant temperature of 25 °C, 34 °C or 38 °C with an ambient temperature of 25 °C. The influence of previous conspecific activity in the food on larval behavior was also tested. The crops of larvae were dissected to monitor food content in the digestive systems. Based on relative crop measurements, larvae fed at all food temperatures, but temperature strongly affected larval behavior and kinematics. The total time spent by larvae in FS and the duration of each stay decreased at high FS temperature. Previous activity of conspecifics in the food slightly increased the time spent by larvae in FS and also decreased the average distance to FS. Therefore, necrophagous L. sericata larvae likely thermoregulate during normal feeding activities by adjusting to local fluctuations in temperature, particularly inside maggot masses. By maintaining a steady internal body temperature, larvae likely reduce their development time.

• MeSH
• Diptera růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• larva růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• termoregulace * MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Several methods of DNA extraction, coupled with 'DNA barcoding' species identification, were compared using specimens from early developmental stages of forensically important flies from the Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae families. DNA was extracted at three immature stages - eggs, the first instar larvae, and empty pupal cases (puparia) - using four different extraction methods, namely, one simple 'homemade' extraction buffer protocol and three commercial kits. The extraction conditions, including the amount of proteinase K and incubation times, were optimized. The simple extraction buffer method was successful for half of the eggs and for the first instar larval samples. The DNA Lego Kit and DEP-25 DNA Extraction Kit were useful for DNA extractions from the first instar larvae samples, and the DNA Lego Kit was also successful regarding the extraction from eggs. The QIAamp DNA mini kit was the most effective; the extraction was successful with regard to all sample types - eggs, larvae, and pupari.

• MeSH
• Diptera klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny genetika   MeSH
• reagenční diagnostické soupravy MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• soudní genetika metody   MeSH
• taxonomické DNA čárové kódování metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The very rare Palaearctic Pherbellia limbata (Meigen, 1830) lives in limestone steppes and other xerothermic habitats in central and southern Europe. For the first time, the egg, first-, second- and third-instar larvae and the puparium are described. Scanning electron micrographs of various morphological features of immature stages are provided. Larvae of P. limbata are parasitoids exclusively of the terrestrial snail Granaria frumentum (Draparnaud, 1801). Results of this study are integrated with those of previous studies of the biology, ecology, immature stages, and mollusc-prey habitat of the other 28 (of 96) Pherbellia species for which life cycles have been completely or partially elucidated. Recent published taxonomic approaches to clarifying the phylogeny of the Sciomyzidae are discussed, particularly those involving DNA analyses of Pherbellia species.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Diptera anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• hlemýždi parazitologie   MeSH
• larva anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Oxyceroides gen. nov., including three new species, O. gracilis sp. nov., O. sinica sp. nov. and O. tangi sp. nov. from South China in the Oriental region are described and illustrated. Related genera from other biogeographical realms are briefly discussed. Identification keys to the known Oriental Oxycerini and to the three new species of Oxyceroides are given.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Diptera anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

Tsetse and tabanid flies transmit several Trypanosoma species, some of which are human and livestock pathogens of major medical and socioeconomic impact in Africa. Recent advances in molecular techniques and phylogenetic analyses have revealed a growing diversity of previously unidentified tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes potentially pathogenic to livestock and/or other domestic animals as well as wildlife, including African great apes. To map the distribution, prevalence and co-occurrence of known and novel trypanosome species, we analyzed tsetse and tabanid flies collected in the primary forested part of the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic, which hosts a broad spectrum of wildlife including primates and is virtually devoid of domestic animals. Altogether, 564 tsetse flies and 81 tabanid flies were individually screened for the presence of trypanosomes using 18S rRNA-specific nested PCR. Herein, we demonstrate that wildlife animals are parasitized by a surprisingly wide range of trypanosome species that in some cases may circulate via these insect vectors. While one-third of the examined tsetse flies harbored trypanosomes either from the Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma simiae complex, or one of the three new members of the genus Trypanosoma (strains 'Bai', 'Ngbanda' and 'Didon'), more than half of the tabanid flies exclusively carried T. theileri. To establish the putative vertebrate hosts of the novel trypanosome species, we further analyzed the provenance of blood meals of tsetse flies. DNA individually isolated from 1033 specimens of Glossina spp. and subjected to high-throughput library-based screening proved that most of the examined tsetse flies engorged on wild ruminants (buffalo, sitatunga, bongo), humans and suids. Moreover, they also fed (albeit more rarely) on other vertebrates, thus providing indirect but convincing evidence that trypanosomes can be transmitted via these vectors among a wide range of warm- and cold-blooded hosts.

• MeSH
• Diptera klasifikace   růst a vývoj   parazitologie   MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hmyz - vektory * MeSH
• Hominidae růst a vývoj   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• moucha tse-tse růst a vývoj   parazitologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• protozoální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Trypanosoma klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středoafrická republika MeSH

Abiotic and biotic factors determine success or failure of individual organisms, populations and species. The early life stages are often the most vulnerable to heavy mortality due to environmental conditions. The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive insect ectoparasite of cervids that spends an important period of the life cycle outside host as immobile pupa. During winter, dark-coloured pupae drop off the host onto the snow, where they are exposed to environmental temperature variation and predation as long as the new snowfall provides shelter against these mortality factors. The other possible option is to passively sink into the snow, which is aided by morphology of pupae. Here, we experimentally studied passive snow sinking capacity of pupae of L. cervi. We show that pupae have a notable passive snow sinking capacity, which is the most likely explained by pupal morphology enabling solar energy absorption and pupal weight. The present results can be used when planning future studies and when evaluating possible predation risk and overall survival of this invasive ectoparasite species in changing environmental conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• kloš jelení, přezimování, hloubka,
• MeSH
• Diptera * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fotoperioda MeSH
• kukla MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• paraziti růst a vývoj   MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• ponoření MeSH
• sníh * parazitologie   MeSH
• stadia vývoje MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• vysoká zvěř parazitologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Five species previously usually treated as Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mitis (Meigen, 1830) are redescribed and named with already existing names, viz. D. (D.) mitis [s. str.], D. (D.) affinis (Schummel, 1829), D. (D.) quadra (Meigen, 1838), sp. restit., D. (D.) lutea (Meigen, 1804), and D. (D.) imbecilla Lackschewitz in Lackschewitz & Pagast, 1941, stat. n. All important characters of the wing, male tarsi and male and female terminalia are illustrated. A key to D. (D.) mitis and allies is appended.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Diptera anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Faunistic data is given for 43 species of Dolichopodidae from the Iberian Peninsula. Altogether nine species are recorded for the first time from Portugal and six species from Spain. Three species are described as new to science: Chrysotimus meridionalis sp. nov. (Spain, Portugal), Hercostomus ibericus sp. nov. (Spain), and Sciapus negrobovi sp. nov. (Portugal).

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Diptera anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Portugalsko MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

This is the first description of larva and puparium of Oplodontha rubrithorax (Macquart, 1838) from the Oriental Region. Larvae were found at a hot spring in North Thailand. The morphological features and cuticular structures of the larva are documented by drawings and SEM micrographs and the main characters are compared with the European O. viridula (Fabricius, 1775), the only described larva of this genus. Differences between larvae of both species were only found in pubescence. The characteristic, somewhat dilated and slightly clavate hairs on the dorsal surface of the body segments of O. viridula larva are apparently lacking in the larva of O. rubrithorax.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Diptera anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• kukla anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• larva anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH