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14 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Článek

Functional anatomy of the middle and inner ears of the red fox, in comparison to domestic dogs and cats

Malkemper, Erich Pascal
Autor Malkemper, Erich Pascal Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
Mason, Matthew J
Autor Mason, Matthew J Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Burda, Hynek
Autor Burda, Hynek Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic

Journal of anatomy. 2020 ; 236 (6) : 980-995. [pub] 20200218

J Anat
ISSN 1469-7580
Medvik
Zdroj

Anatomical middle and inner ear parameters are often used to predict hearing sensitivities of mammalian species. Given that ear morphology is substantially affected both by phylogeny and body size, it is interesting to consider whether the relatively small anatomical differences expected in related species of similar size have a noticeable impact on hearing. We present a detailed anatomical description of the middle and inner ears of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, a widespread, wild carnivore for which a behavioural audiogram is available. We compare fox ears to those of the well-studied and similarly sized domestic dog and cat, taking data for dogs and cats from the literature as well as providing new measurements of basilar membrane (BM) length and hair cell numbers and densities in these animals. Our results show that the middle ear of the red fox is very similar to that of dogs. The most obvious difference from that of the cat is the lack of a fully formed bony septum in the bulla tympanica of the fox. The cochlear structures of the fox, however, are very like those of the cat, whereas dogs have a broader BM in the basal cochlea. We further report that the mass of the middle ear ossicles and the bulla volume increase with age in foxes. Overall, the ear structures of foxes, dogs and cats are anatomically very similar, and their behavioural audiograms overlap. However, the results of several published models and correlations that use middle and inner ear measurements to predict aspects of hearing were not always found to match well with audiogram data, especially when it came to the sharper tuning in the fox audiogram. This highlights that, although there is evidently a broad correspondence between structure and function, it is not always possible to draw direct links when considering more subtle differences between related species.

MeSH
fylogeneze * MeSH
kočky MeSH
lišky anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
psi MeSH
střední ucho anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
velikost orgánu fyziologie MeSH
velikost těla fyziologie MeSH
vláskové buňky fyziologie MeSH
vnitřní ucho anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
kočky MeSH
psi MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH

Článek

Chronický zánět středního ucha v dětském věku
[Chronic otitis media in childhood]

Československá pediatrie. 2017 ; 72 (8) : 504-509.

ISSN 0069-2328
Medvik
Zdroj

Chronický zánět středního ucha představuje ireverzibilní zánětlivé změny středního ucha trvající déle než 6 týdnů. U dětí představuje závažné onemocnění, protože prvotní příznaky jsou vzácné a často se projeví až vzniklou komplikací. Zánět může progredovat do závažnějších forem, které ohrožují pacienta trvalými následky, včetně možné hluchoty. Cílem článku je představit chronický středoušní zánět u dětí přehlednou formou, upozornit pediatry na rizikové skupiny dětí a též na to, jaká péče by měla být těmto dětem věnována.

Chronic inflammation of the middle ear represents irreversible changes of the middle ear longer than 6 weeks. It is a serious illness in children because the primary symptoms are rare and often result in complications. Inflammation may progress to more severe forms that endanger the patient with lasting effects, including possible deafness. The aim of the article is to introduce chronic middle ear inflammation in children in a clear form, to highlight pediatricians in risk groups of children and also to the care that should be given to these children.