Tato práce poskytuje krátký přehled kožních bakteriálních onemocnění, které vyvolávají gramnegativní bakterie. Jedná se o méně častá onemocnění, která mohou mít bohatý klinický obraz a diferenciální diagnostiku. Mezi nejčastější kožní infekce vyvolané gramnegativními bakteriemie patří infekce Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Z dalších infekcí lze zmínit projevy při závažných akutních, ale i chronických meningokových infekcích, nebo kožní postižení vyvolané bakterií Bartonella henselae.
This review provides a brief overview of skin bacterial infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. These infections are less common and can have a rich clinical picture and differential diagnosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is among the most common skin infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. Among other infections, we can mention manifestations in severe acute, but also chronic, meningococcal infections, or skin lesions caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální nemoci kůže * diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Bartonella diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningokokové infekce diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians. CF is manifested by abnormal accumulation of mucus in the lungs, which serves as fertile ground for the growth of microorganisms leading to recurrent infections and ultimately, lung failure. Mucus in CF patients consists of DNA from dead neutrophils as well as mucins produced by goblet cells. MUC5AC mucin leads to pathological plugging of the airways whereas MUC5B has a protective role against bacterial infection. Therefore, decreasing the level of MUC5AC while maintaining MUC5B intact would in principle be a desirable mucoregulatory treatment outcome. Fenretinide prevented the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase of MUC5AC gene expression, without affecting the level of MUC5B, in a lung goblet cell line. Additionally, fenretinide treatment reversed the pro-inflammatory imbalance of fatty acids by increasing docosahexaenoic acid and decreasing the levels of arachidonic acid in a lung epithelial cell line and primary leukocytes derived from CF patients. Furthermore, for the first time we also demonstrate the effect of fenretinide on multiple unsaturated fatty acids, as well as differential effects on the levels of long- compared to very-long-chain saturated fatty acids which are important substrates of complex phospholipids. Finally, we demonstrate that pre-treating mice with fenretinide in a chronic model of P. aeruginosa lung infection efficiently decreases the accumulation of mucus. These findings suggest that fenretinide may offer a new approach to therapeutic modulation of pathological mucus production in CF.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- cystická fibróza komplikace genetika patologie MeSH
- fenretinid aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- fosfolipidy metabolismus MeSH
- hlen metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyselina arachidonová metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny dokosahexaenové metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mucin 5AC metabolismus MeSH
- mucin 5B metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední CFTR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- plíce účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- pneumonie mikrobiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce mikrobiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogenita MeSH
- respirační sliznice cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.
- MeSH
- alergie genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Aspergillus imunologie MeSH
- aspergilóza genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- interleukin-17 nedostatek genetika imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
- plíce imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- protein - isoformy nedostatek genetika imunologie MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas imunologie MeSH
- receptory interleukinu-17 nedostatek genetika imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- respirační sliznice imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce genetika imunologie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
