Neural components enabling flexible cognition and behavior are well-established, and depend mostly on proper intercommunication within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. However, dense projections from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) alter the functioning of the medial PFC (mPFC). Dysfunctional hippocampo-prefrontal connectivity negatively affects the integrity of flexible cognition, especially in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to test the role of the vHPC and mPFC in a place avoidance task on a rotating arena using two spatial flexibility task variants - reversal learning and set-shifting. To achieve this, we inactivated each of these structures in adult male Long-Evans rats by performing bilateral local muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist) injections. A significantly disrupted performance was observed in reversal learning in the vHPC-inactivated, but not in the mPFC-inactivated rats. These results confirm the notion that the vHPC participates in some forms of behavioral flexibility, especially when spatial cues are needed. It seems, rather unexpectedly, that the mPFC is not taxed in these flexibility tasks on a rotating arena.
- MeSH
- GABA-A Receptor Agonists pharmacology MeSH
- Hippocampus drug effects physiology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Muscimol pharmacology MeSH
- Attention drug effects physiology MeSH
- Prefrontal Cortex drug effects physiology MeSH
- Spatial Processing drug effects physiology MeSH
- Reversal Learning drug effects physiology MeSH
- Avoidance Learning drug effects physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Neural components enabling flexible cognition and behavior are well-established, and depend mostly on proper intercommunication within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. However, dense projections from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) alter the functioning of the medial PFC (mPFC). Dysfunctional hippocampo-prefrontal connectivity negatively affects the integrity of flexible cognition, especially in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to test the role of the vHPC and mPFC in a place avoidance task on a rotating arena using two spatial flexibility task variants - reversal learning and set-shifting. To achieve this, we inactivated each of these structures in adult male Long-Evans rats by performing bilateral local muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist) injections. A significantly disrupted performance was observed in reversal learning in the vHPC-inactivated, but not in the mPFC-inactivated rats. These results confirm the notion that the vHPC participates in some forms of behavioral flexibility, especially when spatial cues are needed. It seems, rather unexpectedly, that the mPFC is not taxed in these flexibility tasks on a rotating arena.
- MeSH
- GABA-A Receptor Agonists pharmacology MeSH
- Hippocampus drug effects physiology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Muscimol pharmacology MeSH
- Attention drug effects physiology MeSH
- Prefrontal Cortex drug effects physiology MeSH
- Spatial Processing drug effects physiology MeSH
- Reversal Learning drug effects physiology MeSH
- Avoidance Learning drug effects physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Aniseikonia * diagnosis pathology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Spatial Processing physiology MeSH
- Refractometry utilization MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cílem studie bylo zhodnotit účinky aniseikonie na kvalitu stereoskopického vidění. Experimentu se zúčastnilo celkem 90 subjektů bez oční patologie s vlastní korekcí nebo bez korekce, z nichž 5 bylo vyřazeno z důvodů významné anizometropie nebo špatné zrakové ostrosti (V < 0,5 na horším oku). Celkem u 85 subjektů vždy ve 4 případech (bez size lens, size lens na OD 1, 3 a 5 %) byla měřena stereoskopická paralaxa za pomoci Random dot stereo testu. Jako kritérium kvalitní stereopse byla zvolena hodnota 60 úhlových vteřin. Toto kritérium ještě před začátkem testování nesplnilo celkem 6 subjektů. Celkový počet proměnných (případů) se tak ustálil na hodnotě 316 (100 %). Ve 48 případech (15,2 %) došlo ke zhoršení stereoskopické paralaxy nad zvolenou kritickou hodnotu při použití size lens na OD 1, 3 nebo 5 %. V celkem 268 případech (84,8 %) nedošlo ke zhoršení stereoskopické paralaxy nad zvolenou mez. Klíčová slova: size lens, anisometropie, aniseikonie, heteroforie, stereoskopické vidění
Main purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of aniseikonia on the stereo vision. We had together 90 subjects without eye pathology with or without habitual correction. Five of them were excluded due to important anisometropia or bad visual acuity (V < 0.5 on worse eye). All 85 subjects every in 4 cases (without size lens, with size lens on OD 1, 3 and 5 %) undergone measuring of their stereoscopy parallax. This was evaluated by Random dot stereo test. The level for stereoscopy vision was set bellow 60 arc seconds. This criterion was not achieved naturally by 6 subjects, so final number of all cases was 316 (100 %). As a whole 48 subjects (15.2 %) fail after using the test with size lens on OD 1, 3 or 5 %. All 268 cases (84.8 %) had not impaired stereoscopy parallax with size lens over chosen critical level. Key words: size lens, anisometropia, aniseikonia, heterophoria, stereoscopy vision
- MeSH
- Aniseikonia * diagnosis pathology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Spatial Processing physiology MeSH
- Refractometry utilization MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Akademická knihovna ; č. 2
58, 4 strany ; 18 cm
- MeSH
- Spatial Processing physiology MeSH
- Space Perception physiology MeSH
- Vision, Ocular physiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Autobiography MeSH
- Essay MeSH
- Conspectus
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NML Fields
- fyziologie
- oftalmologie
