Yeasts are unicellular fungi that occur in a wide range of ecological niches, where they perform numerous functions. Furthermore, these microorganisms are used in industrial processes, food production, and bioremediation. Understanding the physiological and adaptive characteristics of yeasts is of great importance from ecological, biotechnological, and industrial perspectives. In this context, we evaluated the abilities to assimilate and ferment different carbon sources, to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, and to tolerate salt stress, heavy metal stress, and UV-C radiation of two isolates of Eremothecium coryli, isolated from Momordica indica fruits. The two isolates were molecularly identified based on sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Our isolates were able to assimilate nine carbon sources (dextrose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, melezitose, and pectin) and ferment three (glucose, maltose, and sucrose). The highest values of cellular dry weight were observed in the sugars maltose, sucrose, and melezitose. We observed the presence of hyphae and pseudohyphae in all assimilated carbon sources. The two isolates were also capable of producing amylase, catalase, pectinase, and proteases, with the highest values of enzymatic activity found in amylase. Furthermore, the two isolates were able to grow in media supplemented with copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc and to tolerate saline stress in media supplemented with 5% NaCl. However, we observed a decrease in CFU at higher concentrations of these metals and NaCl. We also observed morphological changes in the presence of metals, which include changes in cell shape and cellular dimorphisms. The isolates were sensitive to UV-C radiation in the shortest exposure time (1 min). Our findings reinforce the importance of endophytic yeasts for biotechnological and industrial applications and also help to understand how these microorganisms respond to environmental variations caused by human activities.
- MeSH
- endofyty * izolace a purifikace genetika metabolismus fyziologie klasifikace účinky záření MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
- ovoce * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Saccharomycetales * izolace a purifikace genetika fyziologie metabolismus účinky záření klasifikace MeSH
- těžké kovy toxicita MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health. Fungal endophytes are important sources of active natural products with antimicrobial potential. The purpose of this study was to characterize the endophytes coexisting with Helichrysum oocephalum, evaluate their antimicrobial activities, and annotate the endophytes metabolites. Six fungal species, including Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium tricinctum, were identified. Endophytes were cultured, and their metabolites were extracted. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In addition, anti-biofilm effects of the extracts were examined against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. The metabolites in the most active extract were annotated on the basis of the LC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS data. In anti-biofilm studies, F. avenaceum extract was effective in destroying and inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. LC-MS analysis showed that most of the identified compounds in the active extracts were enniatins (cyclic hexadepsipeptides). However, apicidin derivatives were also annotated. Our results revealed that these endophytes, especially Fusarium species, have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, and C. albicans and anti-biofilm activity against S. epidermidis. According to the literature, the observed antimicrobial activity can be attributed to the enniatins. However, further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are necessary in this regard.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- antifungální látky * farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * farmakologie izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- Bacillus cereus účinky léků MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- endofyty * chemie metabolismus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- Fusarium * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study profiled the various endophytic fungi isolated from the orchid Cymbidium sp. and their L-asparaginase production and antioxidant potential. The L-asparaginase production was first screened through qualitative plate screening then quantified by the Nesslerization method. The antioxidant potential was quantified via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. A total of 30 endophytic fungi were isolated and all fungal isolates exhibited various degrees of radical scavenging activities (45.28% to 76.4%). Isolate Lasiodiplodia theobromae (C11) had the highest antioxidant capacity, represented by the lowest IC50 value (5.75 mg/mL) and highest ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity value (12.17 mg/g). Additionally, 16 isolates produced L-asparaginase (53.33%), which includes primarily species of Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. A new isolate has also been discovered from Cymbidium orchid, Buergenerula spartinae (C28), which showed the highest L-asparaginase activity (1.736 unit/mL). These findings supported the postulation that medicinal species of Orchidaceae such as Cymbidium sp. harbor endophytes that are producers of L-asparaginase and antioxidants with various potential applications.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * metabolismus MeSH
- asparaginasa * metabolismus MeSH
- endofyty * izolace a purifikace metabolismus enzymologie klasifikace MeSH
- Fusarium enzymologie metabolismus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- houby klasifikace izolace a purifikace enzymologie MeSH
- Orchidaceae * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Three endophytic bacteria, namely BvV, BvP and BvL, were newly isolated from the root nodules of bean, pea and lentil plants respectively cultivated in Mascara the northwest of Algeria, and identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing as Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. These strains were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and hydrogen cyanide. All strains produced a growth-promoting hormone, indole acetic acid, varying in concentration from 83.2 to 171.7 μg/mL. The phosphate solubilizing activity of BvV, BvP and BvL varied from 25.5 to 42.02 μg/mL for tricalcium phosphate. The three antagonistic Brevundimonas spp. showed in vitro the most inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of Fusarium redolens FRC (from 78.33 to 85.55%). Strain BvV, BvP and BvL produced also volatile metabolites which inhibited mycelial FRC growth up to 39.2%. All strains showed significant disease reduction in pot experiments. Chickpea Fusarium yellows severity caused by FRC was reduced significantly from 89.3 to 96.6% in the susceptible cultivar ILC 482 treated with antagonistic B. naejangsanensis. The maximum stimulatory effect on chickpea plants growth was observed by inoculation of strain BvV. This treatment resulted in a 7.40-26.21% increase in shoot height as compared to the control plants. It is concluded that the endophytic bacterial strains of B. naejangsanensis having different plant growth promoting (PGP) activities can be considered as beneficial microbes for sustainable agriculture. To our knowledge, this is the first report to use B. naejangsanensis strains as a new biocontrol agent against F. redolens, a new pathogen of chickpea plants causing Fusarium yellows disease in Algeria.
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- biologická ochrana farmakologie MeSH
- Burkholderiales genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Cicer * mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- endofyty izolace a purifikace genetika klasifikace fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- fosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium * růst a vývoj fyziologie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Alžírsko MeSH
Decolorization and degradation of textile dye by endophytic fungi stand to be a profitable and viable alternative over conventional methods with respect to eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and non-hazardous nature. One of the active fungal endophytes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from plant Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. was screened for laccase production and Congo red dye decolorization. Various physicochemical parameters like dye concentration, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, and pH were optimized, and the maximum decolorization (%) was achieved at 100 mg/L of dye concentration (82%), yeast extract (80%), 30 °C temp (80%), glucose (79%), and 7 pH (78%), respectively. SEM image and fungal biomass changes represent that fungus actively participated in the dye decolorization and had less significant effect on biomass. The regenerative ability of fungus C. gloeosporioides after dye decolorization indicated tolerance against the dye and was found to be more advantageous over previous reports of dye decolorization by other endophytic fungi. UV-Vis spectra, TLC, FTIR, and HPLC results confirmed the decolorization and degradation process due to absorption and biodegradation. Phytotoxicity assay depicted that degraded products are less toxic to Phaseolus mungo compared to Congo red. The overall findings showed that C. gloeosporioides possesses a good decolorization and degradation potential against Congo red and this endophyte can be profitably used for dye-containing wastewater treatment.
Endophytic fungi in plant tissues produce a wide range of secondary metabolites and enzymes, which exhibit a variety of biological activities. In the present study, litter endophytic fungi were isolated from a fire-prone forest and screened for thermostable cellulases. Among nine endophytic fungi tested, two isolates, Bartalinia pondoensis and Phoma sp., showed the maximum cellulase activity. Bartalinia pondoensis was further selected for its cellulase production and characterization. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources tested, maximum cellulase production was observed with maltose and yeast extract, and the eucalyptus leaves and rice bran served as the best natural substrates. The cellulase activity increased with increasing temperature, with maximum activity recorded at 100 °C. The maximum CMCase activity was observed between pH 6.0 and 7.0 and retained 80% of its activity in the pH range of 8-10. Partially purified cellulase of B. pondoensis retained 50% of its activity after 2 h of incubation at 60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C. These results suggest that litter endophytic fungus B. pondoensis is a potential source for the production of thermostable and alkali-tolerant cellulase.
Numerous studies demonstrated that endophytic microbes can promote plant growth and increase plant stress resistance. We aimed at isolating poplar endophytes able to increase their hosts' fitness both in nutrient-limited and polluted environments. To achieve this goal, endophytic bacteria and fungi were isolated from roots and leaves of hybrid poplars (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii clone Max-4) on an unpolluted and a risk element-polluted site in the Czech Republic and subsequently screened by a number of in vitro tests. Bacterial communities at the unpolluted site were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria with Pseudomonas sp. as the prominent member of the class, followed by Bacilli with prevailing Bacillus sp., whereas Alphaproteobacteria, mostly Rhizobium sp., prevailed at the polluted site. The fungal endophytic community was dominated by Ascomycetes and highly distinct on both sites. Dothideomycetes, mostly Cladosporium, prevailed at the non-polluted site while unclassified Sordariomycetous fungi dominated at the polluted site. Species diversity of endophytes was higher at the unpolluted site. Many tested endophytic strains solubilized phosphate and produced siderophores, phytohormones, and antioxidants. Some strains also exhibited ACC-deaminase activity. Selected bacteria showed high tolerance and the ability to accumulate risk elements, making them promising candidates for use in inocula promoting biomass production and phytoremediation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- endofyty klasifikace účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- fosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- houby klasifikace účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- lyasy štěpící vazby C-C metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiota účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Populus mikrobiologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- siderofory metabolismus MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- tolerance léku MeSH
- vývoj rostlin * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been observed with increasing frequency over the past decades, driving the search for new drugs and stimulating the interest in natural products sources. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants represent a great source of novel bioactive compounds useful to pharmaceutical and agronomical purposes. Diaporthe terebinthifolii is an endophytic species isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius, a plant used in popular medicine for several health problems. The strain D. terebinthifolii LGMF907 was previously reported by our group to produce secondary metabolites with biological activity against phytopathogens. Based on these data, strain LGMF907 was chosen for bioprospecting against microorganisms of clinical importance and for characterization of major secondary metabolites. In this study, different culture conditions were evaluated and the biological activity of this strain was expanded. The crude extracts demonstrated high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The compounds diaporthin and orthosporin were characterized and also showed activity against the clinical microorganisms evaluated. This study discloses the first isolation of diaporthin and orthosporin from D. terebinthifolii, and revealed the potential of this endophytic fungus to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- bioprospekting * MeSH
- endofyty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- Mycobacterium účinky léků MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků MeSH
- Saccharomycetales chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) are an environmentally significant group of microorganisms due to their role in the global carbon cycle. Research conducted over the past few decades has increased the interest in discovering novel genera of methane-degrading bacteria, which efficiently utilize methane and decrease the global warming effect. Moreover, methanotrophs have more promising applications in environmental bioengineering, biotechnology, and pharmacy. The investigations were undertaken to recognize the variety of endophytic methanotrophic bacteria associated with Carex nigra, Vaccinium oxycoccus, and Eriophorum vaginatum originating from Moszne peatland (East Poland). Methanotrophic bacteria were isolated from plants by adding sterile fragments of different parts of plants (roots and stems) to agar mineral medium (nitrate mineral salts (NMS)) and incubated at different methane values (1-20% CH4). Single colonies were streaked on new NMS agar media and, after incubation, transferred to liquid NMS medium. Bacterial growth dynamics in the culture solution was studied by optical density-OD600 and methane consumption. Changes in the methane concentration during incubation were controlled by the gas chromatography technique. Characterization of methanotrophs was made by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with Mg705 and Mg84 for type I methanotrophs and Ma450 for type II methanotrophs. Identification of endophytes was performed after 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and mmoX gene amplification. Our study confirmed the presence of both types of methanotrophic bacteria (types I and II) with the predominance of type I methanotrophs. Among cultivable methanotrophs, there were different strains of the genus Methylomonas and Methylosinus. Furthermore, we determined the potential of the examined bacteria for methane oxidation, which ranged from 0.463 ± 0.067 to 5.928 ± 0.169 μmol/L CH4/mL/day.
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- chromatografie plynová MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika MeSH
- endofyty klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- methan metabolismus MeSH
- Methylomonas klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Methylosinus klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- šáchorovité mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Vaccinium mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
A strain of Biatriospora sp. CCF 4378 was tested for the production of secondary metabolites under submerged fermentation conditions. Eleven compounds were isolated from the culture broth, and the structures of these compounds were determined using HRMS, NMR and X-ray analysis. In addition to six known naphthoquinone derivatives, i.e. ascomycone A, ascomycone B, 6-deoxyfusarubine, 6-deoxyanhydrofusarubine, herbarine and balticol A, one derivative of 2-azaanthraquinone, 6-deoxybostrycoidine, was also identified. Four new natural pyranonaphthoquinones were found, and these natural products were pleorubrin A, pleorubrin B, pleorubrin C and pleorubrin D. The toxicity on human cell lines of the crude naphthoquinone fraction and pure 6-deoxybostrycoidin, ascomycone B, pleorubrin B and 6-deoxyfusarubin was tested. Ascomycone B and 6-deoxyfusarubin elicited rapid cytotoxicity at micromolar concentrations.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- endofyty klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- naftochinony chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Ulmus mikrobiologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
