The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seven days of feed restriction (between days 42 and 49) on the morphology of the small intestine in experimental rabbit models. Sixty weaned Hyplus rabbits (35 days old) were included in the experiment and split into three groups of 20 rabbits. The first control group (n=20) received feed ad libitum (ADL group), the second (R1) experimental group (n=20) was fed 50 g feed per rabbit per day and the third (R2) experimental group (n=20) received 65 g feed per rabbit per day. Duodenal samples were collected when the rabbits were aged 49, 56, 63 and 70 days. The mean villus height, crypt depth and small intestine length were measured. Significant interactions (P<0.001) between group and age were identified in the villi height and crypt depths. The maximum mean villus height was found in the R2 group in 56-day-old rabbits (643.14 μm), while the minimum was found in the ADL group in 49-day-old rabbits (460.29 μm). The longest (P<0.001) small intestine was measured in the R1 group in 63-day-old rabbits (347.60 cm), while the shortest was measured in the ADL group in 49-day-old rabbits (263.60 cm). The models show that villus height, crypt depth and the length of the small intestine change with the intensity of feed restriction and age.
- MeSH
- králíci * růst a vývoj MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy * MeSH
- tenké střevo růst a vývoj MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The effect of dietary inclusion of white lupin seed (WLS) on the milk composition and yield of rabbit does as well as the performance of their litters was studied. Two lactation diets having identical digestible protein (DP):DE ratio and two weaning diets having identical DP:DE ratio were formulated. The first lactation diet (SL) contained soybean meal (SBM; 13.0%) and sunflower meal (5.0%) as the main CP sources, whereas the second lactation diet (LL) was based on WLS (25.0%). As a result, the LL diet had a greater ether extract (EE) content than did the SL diet. The first weaning diet (SW) included SBM (7.0%) as the main CP source, whereas the second weaning diet (LW) diet was based on WLS (12.0%). No additional fat was added to any of the diets. A total of 32 (16 per treatment) Hyplus PS 19 does (4,225 ± 607 g BW, at the second parturition) were fed 1 of the 2 lactation diets. The litters were standardized to 9 kits (564 ± 81 g BW) on the day of birth and were fed 1 of the 2 weaning diets from d 17 to 69 of age. At d 30 of age (weaning), 66 rabbits on each weaning diet (689 ± 71 g BW; 3 per cage) were used to evaluate performance. Feed intake and doe BW were not affected by the dietary treatments. Milk yield tended to be higher between d 1 and 30 of lactation in does fed the LL diet (P = 0.094), a finding that is related to the higher dietary EE content and intake in the LL diet. When expressed per kilogram of metabolic weight, milk output (P < 0.05) and fat output (P < 0.05) were greater in these does. Improved G:F (P < 0.05) between d 1 and 21 of lactation and greater ADG (P = 0.072) and milk efficiency (P < 0.05) of litters was observed in does fed the LL diet. The milk of does fed the LL diet contained less linoleic acid (P < 0.05) and arachidonic acid (C 20:4n-6; P < 0.05) and more oleic acid (P < 0.05), α-linolenic acid (P < 0.05), and eicosapentaenic acid (P < 0.05), with a corresponding increase in the total PUFA n-3:C 20:4n-6 ratio (P < 0.05). The performance of fattening rabbits was not affected by dietary treatment. The number of ill plus dead rabbits caused by digestive disease was lower (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the LW diet. Therefore, WLS is a suitable dietary CP source for lactating does that can replace traditionally used CP sources without adverse effects on feed intake and milk yield or on the growth and viability of their litters. Due to its fatty acid (FA) composition, the use of WLS in the lactation diet has the potential to improve the milk FA composition of does.
- MeSH
- dieta veterinární MeSH
- fyziologie výživy v mateřství MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
- králíci * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- laktace účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Lupinus * MeSH
- mastné kyseliny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mléko chemie fyziologie MeSH
- semena rostlinná * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of our study was to test the influence of short exposure (6 h) of preimplantation rabbit embryos to elevated temperatures (41.5 oC or 42.5 oC) in vitro on their developmental capacity. Fertilized eggs recovered from female oviducts at the pronuclear stage (19 hpc) were cultured at standard temperature (37.5 oC) until the morula stage (72 hpc). Afterwards, the embryos were divided into two groups, cultured for 6 h either at hyperthermic (41.5 oC or 42.5 oC) or standard temperature (control 37.5 oC), post-incubated overnight (16-20 h) at 37.5 oC and then evaluated for developmental stages, apoptosis (TUNEL), proliferation (cell number), actin cytoskeleton and presence of heat-shock proteins Hsp70. It was observed that hyperthermia at 41.5 oC did not alter progression of embryos to higher preimplantation stages (expanded and hatching/hatched blastocysts), rate of apoptosis, total cell number of blastocysts and structure of actin filament compared to 37.5 oC. Western-blotting revealed the presence of heat stress-induced 72 kDa fraction of Hsp70 proteins in granulosa cells (exposed to 41 oC) and embryos (exposed to 41.5 oC). Following the elevation of temperature to 42.5 oC embryo development was dramatically compromised. The embryos were arrested at the morula or early blastocyst stage, showed an increased rate of apoptosis and decreased total cell number compared to control. The structure of actin filaments in most of blastomeres was damaged and such blastomeres often contained apoptotic nuclei. In this group a presence of heat-stress-induced fraction of Hsp70 proteins had not been confirmed. This is the first report demonstrating a threshold of thermotolerance of rabbit preimplantation embryos to hyperthermic exposure in vitro. A detrimental effect of higher temperature on the embryo is probably associated with the loss of their ability to produce Hsp70 de novo, which leads to cytoskeleton alterations and enhanced apoptosis.
- MeSH
- aktiny fyziologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- apoptóza genetika MeSH
- financování organizované využití MeSH
- indukovaná hypertermie metody využití MeSH
- králíci růst a vývoj MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- tvorba embrya pro výzkumné účely metody MeSH
- western blotting metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci růst a vývoj MeSH
