Infections associated with Escherichia coli are responsible for immense losses in poultry production; moreover, poultry products may serve as a source of pathogenic and/or resistant strains for humans. As early as during the first hours of life, commercially hatched chickens are colonized with potentially pathogenic E. coli from the environment of hatcheries. The source of contamination has not been quite elucidated and the possibility of vertical spread of several avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) lineages has been suggested, making the hatcheries an important node where cross-contamination of chicken of different origin can take place. The recent technological progress makes the method of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) widely accessible, allowing high-throughput analysis of a large amount of isolates. Whole-genome sequencing offers an opportunity to trace APEC and extended-spectrum/plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamases-producing E. coli (ESBL/pAmpC-E.coli) along the poultry processing chain and to recognize the potential pathways of “epidemicˮ sequence types. Data from WGS may be used in monitoring antimicrobial resistance, comparative pathogenomic studies describing new virulence traits and their role in pathogenesis and, above all, epidemiologic monitoring of clonal outbreaks and description of different transmission routes and their significance. This review attempts to outline the complexity of poultry-associated E. coli issues and the possibility to employ WGS in elucidating them.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- bakteriální zoonózy klasifikace přenos MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování veterinární MeSH
- Escherichia coli * patogenita MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže * epidemiologie klasifikace přenos MeSH
- plazmidy genetika MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu klasifikace metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The present pilot study aimed at evaluating air sampling as a novel method for monitoring Campylobacter in poultry farms. We compared the bacteriological isolation of Campylobacter from boot swabs and air filter samples using ISO 10272-1:2017. A secondary aim was to evaluate the use of molecular methods, i.e. real time PCR, on the same sample set. Samples from 44 flocks from five European countries were collected, and included air samples, in parallel with boot swabs. Campylobacter spp. was isolated from seven of 44 boot swabs from three of five partners using the enrichment method. Two of these positive boot swab samples had corresponding positive air samples. Using enrichment, one positive air sample was negative in the corresponding boot swabs, but Campylobacter spp. was isolated from direct plating of the boot swab sample. One partner isolated Campylobacter spp. from six of 10 boot swabs using direct plating. Overall, 33 air filter samples were screened directly with PCR, returning 14 positive results. In conclusion, there was a lack of correspondence between results from analysis of boot swabs and air filters using ISO 10272-1:2017. In contrast, the combination of air filters and direct real-time PCR might be a way forward. Despite the use of the detailed ISO protocols, there were still sections that could be interpreted differently among laboratories. Air sampling may turn into a multi-purpose and low-cost sampling method that may be integrated into self-monitoring programs.
- MeSH
- Campylobacter genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- drůbež mikrobiologie MeSH
- farmy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- kampylobakterové infekce veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiologie vzduchu normy MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola přenos MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- Coronavirus * patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Coronaviridae * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidita MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže přenos MeSH
- statistika přirozeného pohybu MeSH
- trasování kontaktů MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- virus chřipky A, podtyp H7N9 * patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- tabulky MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erysipel etiologie farmakoterapie přenos MeSH
- Erysipelothrix izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Salmonella carrier state (42.6%-S. enteritidis and 34.4%-S. dublin) was demonstrated in subjects after acute salmonellosis as well as in healthy persons infected with salmonella as a result of occupational exposure to poultry (8.8% in humans exposed to chickens and 6.1% in those exposed to ducks) and sheep (2.8%). The carrier state was accompanied by intermittent pain in the epigastrium, diminished appetite, diarrhoea etc. Most of the carrier subjects with a history of salmonellosis exhibited, upon rectoromanoscopy, a varying degree of proctosigmoiditsi. The etiological role of S. typhimurium was proved beyond doubt, as well as its ability to cause salmonellosis outbursts, sporadic cases of the disease and the carrier state. When large industrial facilities specializing in poultry processing were investigated, the salmonella carrier state was revealed in practically healthy poultry--in 16% of chickens and 12% of ducks. The salmonella organisms isolated from carrier persons had, with some exceptions, typical properties, being virulent in that they caused death of experimental animals, seeded their internal organs and induced pathogenicity-associated enzymes. Multiple resistance to antibiotics was demonstrated in salmonella isolated from poultry; also determined was its plasmid nature. Pronounced resistance of the above salmonella subtypes to tetracycline-related antibiotics and streptomycin may be due to the fact that these drugs are used in poultry raising.
- MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- nemoci zemědělců mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- přenašečství * MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Salmonella izolace a purifikace MeSH
- salmonelová infekce u zvířat mikrobiologie přenos MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
