Although Campylobacter jejuni is the pathogen responsible for the most common foodborne illness, tracing of the infection source remains challenging due to its highly variable genome. Therefore, one of the aim of the study was to compare three genotyping methods (MLST, PFGE, and mP-BIT) to determine the most effective genotyping tool. C. jejuni strains were divided into 4 clusters based on strain similarity in the cgMLST dendrogram. Subsequently, the dendrograms of the 3 tested methods were compared to determine the accuracy of each method compared to the reference cgMLST method. Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis has showed that MLST had the highest inverse discrimination index (97%) and required less workflow, time, fewer consumables, and low bacterial sample quantity. PFGE was shown to be obsolete both because of its low discriminatory power and the complexity of the procedure. Similarly, mP‐BIT showed low separation results, which was compensated by its high availability. Therefore, our data showed that MLST is the optimal tool for genotyping C. jejuni. Another aim was to compare the antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline in C. jejuni strains isolated from human, water, air, food, and animal samples by two gene sequence-based prediction methods and to compare them with the actual susceptibility of C. jejuni strains using the disc diffusion method. Both tools, ResFinder and RGI, synchronously predict the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and either can be used.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * genetics MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Campylobacter Infections * microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Multilocus Sequence Typing MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter represents the most common reported foodborne bacterial illness worldwide, followed by salmonellosis. Both diseases are often caused by the consumption of contaminated, insufficiently heated poultry meat. This can result from contamination of the meat during the slaughtering processes. Food contact surfaces like stainless steel or plucking fingers contribute significantly to cross-contamination of poultry carcasses. Modification of these surfaces could lead to a reduction of the bacterial burden, as already proven by successful application in various food industry sectors, such as packaging.In this study, nanoscale silica-coated and uncoated stainless-steel surfaces and plucking fingers were compared on a pilot scale regarding attachment and detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli.The bacteria did not adhere less to the coated plucking fingers or stainless-steel sections than to the uncoated ones. The coating also did not lead to a significant difference in detachment of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli from the investigated surfaces compared to the uncoated ones.Our study did not reveal any differences between the coated and uncoated surfaces with regard to the investigated bacteria. In order to achieve a better adaptation of the coating to slaughterhouse conditions, future studies should focus on its further development based on the investigation of specific coating parameters.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Adhesion * MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * drug effects physiology MeSH
- Poultry microbiology MeSH
- Escherichia coli * growth & development physiology MeSH
- Abattoirs * MeSH
- Food Contamination prevention & control analysis MeSH
- Meat microbiology MeSH
- Stainless Steel * MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide chemistry MeSH
- Food Microbiology MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis * drug effects physiology growth & development MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Currently, it is clear that the luxS gene has an impact on the process of biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni. However, even within the species, naturally occurring strains of Campylobacter lacking the luxS gene exist, which can form biofilms. In order to better understand the genetic determinants and the role of quorum sensing through the LuxS/AI-2 pathway in biofilm formation, a set of mutant/complemented strains of C. jejuni 81-176 were prepared. Additionally, the impact of the mutagenic strategy used against the luxS gene was investigated. Biofilm formation was affected by both the presence and absence of the luxS gene, and by the mutagenic strategy used. Analysis by CLSM showed that all mutant strains formed significantly less biofilm mass when compared to the wild-type. Interestingly, the deletion mutant (∆luxS) showed a larger decrease in biofilm mass than the substitution (∙luxS) and insertional inactivated ([Formula: see text]luxS) mutants, even though all the mutant strains lost the ability to produce autoinducer-2 molecules. Moreover, the biofilm of the ∆luxS mutant lacked the characteristic microcolonies observed in all other strains. The complementation of all mutant strains resulted in restored ability to produce AI-2, to form a complex biofilm, and to develop microcolonies at the level of the wild-type.
Campylobacter (C.) spp. represent one of the most important causes for food-borne bacterial pathogen in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic requirements of two Campylobacter strains of different species based on substrate utilisation (in vitro). Based on these results, a correlation between the colonisation and the available substrates in different intestinal sections was recorded using an animal model. Campylobacter coli (ST-5777) and C. jejuni (ST-122) were used to inoculate 16 pigs, respectively, and one group of 16 pigs was used as control. The strains differed significantly in substrate utilisation - C. coli was able to metabolise various substrates (acetate, asparagine, serine, fucose, and propionate), while C. jejuni only utilised serine. Metabolomic analysis of intestinal content from different gut sections showed the presence of all previously tested metabolites, except for fucose. A significantly larger amount of glucose was found in the jejunum of those pigs infected with C. coli, while neither strain utilised it in vitro. The analysis of the intestinal contents revealed a very low proportion of Campylobacterales in the total microbiome, suggesting that the small percentage of the inoculated Campylobacter strains in the gut microflora of the animals is too low to cause differences between the control and infected groups in the composition of the metabolome. Nevertheless, knowledge of specific nutritional requirements of the pathogens combined with proof of different metabolites in the intestinal segments may provide clues about the site of colonisation in the host and improve our understanding of this zoonotic germ.
- MeSH
- Campylobacter coli * MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * MeSH
- Campylobacter * MeSH
- Fucose MeSH
- Campylobacter Infections * microbiology veterinary MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Swine Diseases * MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Serine MeSH
- Intestines MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Acanthamoeba physiology isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Host-Pathogen Interactions MeSH
- Campylobacter Infections MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Viability MeSH
- Protozoan Infections MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Kampylobakterióza už 15 let patří mezi nejčastěji se vyskytující infekční onemocnění vČeské republice (ČR). V letech 2018–2021 bylo v ČR v elektronickém Informačním systému infekční nemoci (ISIN) hlášeno celkem 81115 případů (průměrná incidence 189,5 /100000 obyvatel). Nejvyšší incidence byla zjištěna ve věkové skupině 1–4 letých osob a u kojenců. Hospitalizováno bylo téměř 10000 osob (12,2 %) a bylo hlášeno 34 úmrtí v souvislosti s tímto onemocněním: zemřelo 5 dětí ve věku do 5 let, 3 adolescenti, 7 osob ve věku od 21 do 35 let a dále 19 osob starších 57 let. V pandemických letech (2020–2021) byl ve srovnání s lety 2018 a 2019 zaznamenán pokles případů o 27 %. Kampylobakterióze je třeba věnovat odbornou pozornost a v rámci analytických epidemiologických studií, zohledňujících koncept One Health, pátrat po příčinách jejího vysokého výskytu. Prevence by měla být specificky zaměřena na děti do pěti let věku z důvodu vysoké četnosti případů a na osoby starší 80 let, u nichž je vyšší riziko těžkých průběhů a hospitalizací. Humánní národní referenční laboratoř pro kampylobaktery v ČR není, bylo by vhodné ji zřídit.
Campylobacteriosis has been among the most frequently occurring infectious diseases in the Czech Republic in the last 15 years. In the years 2018–2021, a total of 81,115 cases (average incidence of 189.5/100,000 population) were reported in the electronic Infectious Disease Information System (ISIN) in the Czech Republic. The highest incidence was found in the age group of 1–4 years and in infants. Almost 10,000 people (12.2%) were hospitalized and 34 deaths related to this disease were reported including: 5 children under 5 years, 3 adolescents, 7 people aged 21 to 35 years and 19 people over 57 years. In the pandemic years (2020–2021), there was a 27% decrease in numbers of cases compared to 2018 and 2019. Campylobacteriosis needs to receive professional attention and within the framework of analytical epidemiological studies, taking into account the One Health concept, the causes of its high incidence should be sought. Prevention should be specifically aimed at children under five years of age due to the high frequency of cases and people over 80 years of age, who are at risk of a higher proportion of severe courses and hospitalizations. There is no national reference laboratory for human campylobacter infections in the Czech Republic; it would be, appropriate to create one.
- MeSH
- Campylobacter MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Diseases MeSH
- Disease Notification statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Campylobacter Infections * epidemiology transmission prevention & control MeSH
- Communicable Disease Control methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Foodborne Diseases MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
A multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter coli (C. coli) strain was isolated from a 2-month-old newborn who suffered from severe diarrhea in Lebanon. Here, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was deployed to determine the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in the C. coli isolate and to identify its epidemiological background (sequence type). The identity of the isolate was confirmed using API® Campy, MALDI-TOF, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotype was determined using the disk diffusion assay. Our analysis showed that resistance to macrolide and quinolone was potentially associated with the presence of multiple point mutations in antibiotic targets on the chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance were encoded by genes on a pTet plasmid. The blaOXA-61, which is associated with beta-lactam resistance, was also detected in the C. coli genome. A set of 30 genes associated with the virulence in C. coli was detected using WGS analysis. MLST analysis classified the isolate as belonging to a new sequence type (ST-9588), a member of ST-828 complex which is mainly associated with humans and chickens. Taking together, this study provides the first WGS analysis of Campylobacter isolated from Lebanon. The detection of a variety of AMR and virulence determinants strongly emphasizes the need for studying the burden of Campylobacter in Lebanon and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where information on campylobacteriosis is scant.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Campylobacter coli * genetics MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni * genetics MeSH
- Campylobacter Infections * MeSH
- Chickens genetics MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Multilocus Sequence Typing MeSH
- Diarrhea MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Lebanon MeSH
Každý pediatr ročně vyšetří desítky, možná stovky dětí s gastroenteritidou. Díky zkušenosti a odebrané anamnéze dokáže často odhadnout etiologii, předvídat průběh a nastavit adekvátní léčbu. Většina dětí s touto diagnózou nevyžaduje hospitalizaci. Enteritidy ale s sebou přináší i komplikace, časté i vzácné, které lze těžko predikovat. A zdaleka to není jen riziko dehydratace.
Every pediatrician examines dozens, perhaps hundereds of children with gastroenteritis each year. Based on experiance and anamnestic data, he can often estimate the etiology, predict the course and set adequate treatment. Most children with this diegnosis do not require hospitalization. However, enteritis also brings complications, common and rare, which are difficult to predict. And it is far from just a risk of dehydration.
- MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Erythema Nodosum diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Gastroenteritis * diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Intussusception surgery diagnosis MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Diarrhea, Infantile * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Pyelonephritis diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Rotavirus Infections diagnosis pathology transmission MeSH
- Salmonella enteritidis isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Globally, it is estimated that there are 2 billion cases of diarrhoeal disease each year, with 525,000 children under the age of 5 years, dying from diarrhoea. This also affects 1 in 5 people in the UK each year. Rapid diagnosis, appropriate treatment and infection control measures are, therefore, particularly important. Currently, Public Health Wales and England Microbiology Division test for five key bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens, i.e. Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Clostridioides difficile. There is, however, a poor success rate with identification of these pathogens, leaving the patient at risk from untreated infections. This study has developed effective and reliable tools with a high positive outcome for diagnosis of diarrhoeal infection. The study blindly analysed 592 samples, with the most abundant species being Shigella sonnei at 15%, and the top genus Bacteroides at 26%. Campylobacter spp. had an abundance of 4%, Clostridium difficile 3%, and Salmonella spp. 0.2%. There were also significant differences in abundance at genus level, between the Flemish Gut project and diarrhoea samples, with respect to Shigella (0.2%) and Campylobacter (0.1%). The project introduced a novel Shigella spp. (Escherichia) threshold of 5.32% to determine (Escherichia) a healthy or unhealthy community. A DMBiome model was developed to integrate the 5.32% threshold of Shigella spp., the Public Health laboratory tested pathogens, and two emerging enteropathogens. The overall positive outcome was that 89% of all samples were diagnosed with diarrhoea infections, leaving 11% unknown.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Campylobacter genetics MeSH
- Feces microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques * methods standards MeSH
- Diarrhea * diagnosis microbiology MeSH
- Shigella * genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Erythema Nodosum * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Hodgkin Disease MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
