Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are molecules able to interfere with the vertebrate hormonal system in different ways, a major one being the modification of the activity of nuclear receptors (NRs). Several NRs are expressed in the vertebrate brain during embryonic development and these NRs are suspected to be responsible for the neurodevelopmental defects induced by exposure to EDCs in fishes or amphibians and to participate in several neurodevelopmental disorders observed in humans. Known EDCs exert toxicity not only on vertebrate forms of marine life but also on marine invertebrates. However, because hormonal systems of invertebrates are poorly understood, it is not clear whether the teratogenic effects of known EDCs are because of endocrine disruption. The most conserved actors of endocrine systems are the NRs which are present in all metazoan genomes but their functions in invertebrate organisms are still insufficiently characterized. EDCs like bisphenol A have recently been shown to affect neurodevelopment in marine invertebrate chordates called ascidians. Because such phenotypes can be mediated by NRs expressed in the ascidian embryo, we review all the information available about NRs expression during ascidian embryogenesis and discuss their possible involvement in the neurodevelopmental phenotypes induced by EDCs.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků MeSH
- embryonální vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory toxicita MeSH
- nervový systém * účinky léků embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- neurotoxiny toxicita MeSH
- receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární metabolismus MeSH
- Urochordata * účinky léků embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This review, which summarizes our findings concerning the long-term effects of pre-, peri- and postnatal factors affecting development, nociception and sensorimotor functions, focuses on three areas: 1) perinatal factors influencing nociception in adult rats were examined in rats with hippocampal lesions, after the administration of stress influencing and psychostimulant drugs (dexamethasone, indomethacine and methamphetamine); 2) the effect of pre- and early postnatal methamphetamine administration was shown to impair the development of sensorimotor functions tested in rat pups throughout the preweaning period; 3) the effect of extensive dorsal rhizotomy of the brachial plexus during the early postnatal period was studied with respect to neuropathic pain development and sensorimotor functions. The present study indicates that prenatal or neonatal stress, as well as various drugs, may disturb the development of the nociceptive system and cause long-term behavioral changes persisting to adulthood and that some types of neuropathic pain cannot be induced during the first two postnatal weeks at all. A mature nervous system is required for the development of the described pathological behaviors.
- MeSH
- bolest embryologie patofyziologie MeSH
- chování zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- dexamethason farmakologie MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- indomethacin farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské chování MeSH
- methamfetamin farmakologie MeSH
- návykové chování patofyziologie MeSH
- nervový systém embryologie růst a vývoj patofyziologie MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- psychotropní léky farmakologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- nervový systém embryologie patofyziologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- neurofyziologie dějiny trendy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- mozaicismus embryologie MeSH
- nervový systém embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- pojivová tkáň embryologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- techniky in vitro MeSH
