The cytoskeleton plays a key role in cellular proliferation, cell-shape maintenance and internal cellular organization. Cells are highly sensitive to changes in microgravity, which can induce alterations in the distribution of the cytoskeletal and cell proliferation. This study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and expression of major cell cycle-related regulators and cytoskeletal proteins in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs). A WST-1 assay showed that the proliferation of SMG-exposed hucMSCs was lower than a control group. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the percentage of SMG-exposed hucMSCs in the G0/G1 phase was higher than the control group. A western blot analysis revealed there was a downregulation of cyclin A1 and A2 expression in SMG-exposed hucMSCs as well. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) and 6 (cdk6) were also observed to be reduced in the SMG-exposed hucMSCs. The total nuclear intensity of SMG-exposed hucMSCs was also lower than the control group. However, there were no differences in the nuclear area or nuclear-shape value of hucMSCs from the SMG and control groups. A western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that SMG-exposed hucMSCs experienced a downregulation of bata-actin and alpha-tubulin compared to the control group. SMG generated the reorganization of microtubules and microfilaments in hucMSCs. Our study supports the idea that the downregulation of major cell cycle-related proteins and cytoskeletal proteins results in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and the proliferation of hucMSCs.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace fyziologie MeSH
- buněčný cyklus fyziologie MeSH
- cytoskelet metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- mikrofilamenta metabolismus MeSH
- mikrotubuly metabolismus MeSH
- proliferace buněk fyziologie MeSH
- pupečník cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- simulace stavu beztíže * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Steroids are important markers in pregnancy. Although estimating their levels separately in umbilical arterial (UA) and venous blood (UV) enable more precise insights into the functioning fetoplacental unit compared to using mixed umbilical blood (UM), selective aspiration of UA and UV is technically more demanding than collecting UM. We measured the levels of 67 unconjugated steroids and steroid polar conjugates in UA and UV using GC-MS in 80 women giving birth within weeks 28 to 42 of gestation. The samples were sorted into three groups: women entering labor within weeks 28-32 (group A, n=19), weeks 33-37 (group B, n=19), and weeks 38-42 (group C, n=42) of gestation, respectively. The preterm labors were due to pathologies unrelated to steroid status. Most unconjugated steroids exhibited pronounced arteriovenous differences (AVD). The AVD were less distinct in more stable steroid conjugates. Most steroids positively correlate with gestational age, but unconjugated 5beta-reduced pregnanes show negative correlations, as do testosterone and androstenediol, substrates for the placental synthesis of estrogens. Tight correlations between steroids in UA and UV indicate that steroid measurements in UA, UV and UM can be accurately derived from each other, which is important for the diagnostics of steroid related diseases in newborns.
- MeSH
- arteriae umbilicales metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fetální krev metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolom fyziologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předčasný porod krev MeSH
- pupečník metabolismus MeSH
- steroidy krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- venae umbilicales metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- homocystein izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- hyperhomocysteinemie metabolismus MeSH
- kyanidy izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina listová metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci placenty diagnóza etiologie krev MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- poruchy výživy plodu metabolismus MeSH
- pupečník metabolismus MeSH
- růstová retardace plodu * metabolismus MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vaskulitida komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
