Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), an aggressive CD30-positive T-cell lymphoma, comprises systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive, and ALK-negative, primary cutaneous and breast implant-associated ALCL. Prognosis of some ALCL subgroups is still unsatisfactory, and already in second line effective treatment options are lacking. To identify genes defining ALCL cell state and dependencies, we here characterize super-enhancer regions by genome-wide H3K27ac ChIP-seq. In addition to known ALCL key regulators, the AP-1-member BATF3 and IL-2 receptor (IL2R)-components are among the top hits. Specific and high-level IL2R expression in ALCL correlates with BATF3 expression. Confirming a regulatory link, IL-2R-expression decreases following BATF3 knockout, and BATF3 is recruited to IL2R regulatory regions. Functionally, IL-2, IL-15 and Neo-2/15, a hyper-stable IL-2/IL-15 mimic, accelerate ALCL growth and activate STAT1, STAT5 and ERK1/2. In line, strong IL-2Rα-expression in ALCL patients is linked to more aggressive clinical presentation. Finally, an IL-2Rα-targeting antibody-drug conjugate efficiently kills ALCL cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight the importance of the BATF3/IL-2R-module for ALCL biology and identify IL-2Rα-targeting as a promising treatment strategy for ALCL.

• MeSH
• anaplastický velkobuněčný lymfom farmakoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• antigen Ki-1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunokonjugáty farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-15 farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-2 farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-2 - alfa-podjednotka genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory interleukinu-2 genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
• regulační oblasti nukleových kyselin MeSH
• represorové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• transkripční faktory bZIP genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• xenogenní modely - testy protinádorové aktivity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). In our study, we investigated CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs and thymic FoxP3 + Helios + Tregs in large cohorts of children with T1D at onset and with long-term T1D, and further in their relatives and healthy controls. We observed significantly decreased numbers of CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs, but not FoxP3 + Helios + Tregs, in long-term patients compared with the control group and T1D onset. Furthermore, long-term T1D patients exhibited highly significant decrease of CD25 expression on both CD25 + FoxP3 + Tregs and FoxP3 + Helios + Tregs, independently on age or the duration of diabetes. A similar reduction of CD25 expression was also found in T1D relatives, more significant in those with positive autoantibodies. Low CD25 expression was associated with impaired signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation after IL-2 exposure. Our results show that the frequency of Tregs is altered in a large cohort of long-term T1D patients, a profound decrease in CD25 expression and altered IL-2 signaling are typical features of Tregs populations in long-term diabetic patients and their relatives.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu diagnóza   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• interleukin-2 metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-2 - alfa-podjednotka genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• thymocyty cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktor STAT5 MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

IL-2 and IL-15 are structurally relative cytokines that share two receptor subunits, CD132 (γ(c) chain) and CD122 (β chain). However, the expression pattern and physiological role of IL-2 and IL-15 private receptor α chains CD25 and IL-15Rα, respectively, are strikingly different. CD25, together with CD122 and CD132, forms a trimeric high affinity IL-2 receptor that is expressed and functions on cells acquiring an IL-2 signal. Conversely, IL-15Rα is expressed and binds IL-15 with high affinity per se already in the endoplasmic reticulum of the IL-15 producing cells and it presents IL-15 to cells expressing CD122/CD132 dimeric receptor in trans. Thus, while IL-2 is secreted almost exclusively by activated T cells and acts as a free molecule, IL-15 is expressed mostly by myeloid cells and works as a cell surface-associated cytokine. Interestingly, the in vivo biological activity of IL-2 can be dramatically increased through complexing with certain anti-IL-2 mAbs; such IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAbs immunocomplexes selectively stimulate the proliferation of a distinct population of immune cells, depending on the clone of the anti-IL-2 mAb used. IL-2/S4B6 mAb immunocomplexes are highly stimulatory for CD122(high) populations (memory CD8(+) T and NK cells) and intermediately also for CD25(high) populations (Treg and activated T cells), while IL-2/JES6-1 mAb immunocomplexes enormously expand only CD25(high) cells. Although IL-2 immunocomplexes are much more potent than IL-2 in vivo, they show comparable to slightly lower activity in vitro. The in vivo biological activity of IL-15 can be dramatically increased through complexing with recombinant IL-15Rα-Fc chimera; however, IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc complexes are significantly more potent than IL-15 both in vivo and in vitro. In this review we summarize and discuss the features and biological relevance of IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAbs and IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc complexes, and try to foreshadow their potential in immunological research and immunotherapy.

• MeSH
• buňky NK cytologie   účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty cytologie   účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - Fc fragmenty chemie   MeSH
• imunokomplex genetika   imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-15 genetika   imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-2 genetika   imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky chemie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-15 - alfa-podjednotka genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-2 - alfa-podjednotka genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• receptory interleukinů - společná gama-podjednotka genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty cytologie   účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Analýzou ľudského genómu sa podarilo identifikovať množstvo rizikových lokusov asociovaných so zvýšeným rizikom vzniku sklerózy multiplex. Najviac preskúmaným a jednoznačne geneticky asociovaným so sklerózou multiplex je lokus pre súbor génov hlavného histokompatibilného komplexu. Alela HLA‑DRB1 je považovaná za jednu z najvýznamnejších známych rizikových alel pre sklerózu multiplex. Medzi najperspektívnejšie potenciálne kauzálne genetické varianty patria v nedávnej dobe identifikované IL2RA, IL7RA, MGAT1, CYP27B1, CD6 a TYK2. Moduláciou funkcie produktov niektorých protektívnych génových variácií je možné ovplyvniť imunologické mechanizmy, čím sa odkrýva cesta potenciálnej génovej terapie sklerózy multiplex. V súčasnej dobe pribúdajú dôkazy o významných interakciách medzi genetickými, epigenetickými a environmentálnymi faktormi. Zistilo sa, že vitamín D je schopný modulovať expresiu viacerých génov asociovaných so sklerózou multiplex. A naopak, podarilo sa identifikovať gény, ktorých variácie ovplyvňujú hladinu celkového vitamínu D. Napríklad mutácia génu CYP27B1 spôsobuje významné zníženie hladín aktívneho vitamínu D, na základe čoho dochádza k potenciácii predispozície ku skleróze multiplex. Možno očakávať, že budúce štúdie prinesú nové dôležité informácie o kauzálnych alelách, zúčastnených mechanizmoch, ako aj o epigenetických faktoroch zapojených do patogenézy sklerózy multiplex.

The analysis of human genome allowed identification of a great number of gene loci asso­ciated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis. The most researched and clearly genetically associated with multiple sclerosis is the locus for a set of genes of the major histocompatibi­lity complex. The HLA-DRB1 allele is considered to be one of the most important risk alleles. Recently identified IL2RA, IL7RA, MGAT1, CYP27B1, CD6 and TYK2 are thought to be of potential causal relevance. Future genetic therapy for multiple sclerosis may involve induction of modified immunological mechanisms via modulated function of products of certain protective gene variants. Evidence is growing on a significant interaction between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. It has been suggested that several genes associated with multiple sclerosis are regulated by vitamin D. Moreover, gene variants causing significant changes in vitamin D levels have been identified. Mutation in the CYP27B1 gene may lead to a significant decrease in concentrations of the active form of vitamin D, resulting in an increased susceptibility to the disease. Future studies are expected to bring new information on causal alleles, regulatory mechanisms as well as epigenetic factors associated with multiple sclerosis.

• Klíčová slova
• skleróza multiplex, rizikový lokus, rizikové variacie genů,
• MeSH
• antigen CTLA-4 genetika   MeSH
• CD antigeny genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genetické lokusy MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• HLA-DRB1 řetězec genetika   MeSH
• hlavní histokompatibilní komplex MeSH
• kinasa TYK2 genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• N-acetylglukosaminyltransferasy genetika   MeSH
• receptor interleukinu-2 - alfa-podjednotka genetika   MeSH
• receptory interleukinu-7 genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * etiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• vitamin D MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH