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The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations.

MeSH
biotest metody MeSH
chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie toxicita MeSH
Evropská unie MeSH
lidé MeSH
monitorování životního prostředí * zákonodárství a právo metody MeSH
testy toxicity metody MeSH
vládní regulace MeSH
zachování přírodních zdrojů zákonodárství a právo MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Článek

Central European Environmental History and the EU Accession

Environmental science & technology. 2011 ; 45 (9) : 3823-8. [pub] 20110309

Environ Sci Technol
ISSN 1520-5851
Medvik
Zdroj

MeSH
dějiny 20. století MeSH
dějiny 21. století MeSH
environmentální politika dějiny zákonodárství a právo MeSH
zachování přírodních zdrojů dějiny zákonodárství a právo MeSH
znečištění životního prostředí dějiny zákonodárství a právo MeSH
Check Tag
dějiny 20. století MeSH
dějiny 21. století MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
historické články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Geografické názvy
Česká republika MeSH
Evropa MeSH

Článek

Změna je ve vzduchu

Harrison, Emily
Autor Harrison, Emily

Scientific American. České vydání. 2008 ; 2008 (8-9) : 9-10.

Sci. Am. (Čes. vyd.)
ISSN 1213-7723
Medvik
Zdroj

Článek

Attitudes of stakeholders towards the Podyji/Thaya River Basin National Park in the Czech Republic

Journal of environmental management. 2006 ; 81 (3) : 273-285. [pub] 20060323

J Environ Manage
ISSN 0301-4797
Medvik
Zdroj

In August 2000, a survey of public opinion was carried out among visitors, local residents and representatives of local self-governments in the territory of the Podyji/Thaya River Basin National Park in the Czech Republic. The goal was to obtain stakeholders' opinions and attitudes towards nature conservation, the National Park and tourism within the territory which used to be closed to the public for 40 years due to the Iron Curtain. Without the knowledge of opinions of stakeholders it is not possible to manage nature conservation and development in the protected area properly. Using the method of direct interviews, 646 questionnaires where collected, of which 523 were from visitors and tourists, 115 from local residents and 8 from mayors of towns/villages. The questionnaires were analysed in order to detect differences in attitudes among the respondent groups in the following thematic areas: (a) the National Park, its environment and perception of it by respondents; (b) relationship of respondents to the territory; (c) tourism and attitudes towards recreational activities; (d) the Administration of the National Park and evaluation of its work; and (e) economic impact of tourism for local communities. One section of the study focused on comparing the attitudes between local inhabitants and mayors and the other section presents a collation of opinions from locals, mayors and tourists. Although a positive evaluation of the national park dominated the results, some negative attitudes and experiences were identified among locals. In addition, the situation also differed within communities. Results also indicated a relatively strong relationship to the territory by locals, but low job opportunities and income from tourism. The level of tourism intensity was perceived as an increasing and sometimes disturbing factor for local communities; motoring was observed as being the most negative activity for nature. The Administration of the Podyji/Thaya River Basin National Park was sometimes criticised and the communication with the community was not always evaluated satisfactorily. All groups of respondents identified waste management to be the most pressing issue. Identification of differences in attitudes of interviewed respondents may be effectively used in planning environmental management and sustainable tourism development in the area.