Stratified and precision nutrition refers to disease management or prevention of disease onset, based on dietary interventions tailored to a person's characteristics, biology, gut microbiome, and environmental exposures. Such treatment models may lead to more effective management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduce risk of disease development. This societal position paper aimed to report advances made in stratified and precision nutritional therapy in IBD. Following a structured literature search, limited to human studies, we identified four relevant themes: (a) nutritional epidemiology for risk prediction of IBD development, (b) food-based dietary interventions in IBD, (c) exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for Crohn's disease (CD) management, and (d) pre- and probiotics for IBD management. There is scarce literature upon which we can make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for IBD, both for risk of disease development and disease management. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism may modify the effect dietary PUFA have in increasing the risk of IBD development. Non-colonic CD, mild-to-moderate CD, and high microbiota richness may predict success of EEN and may be used both for prediction of treatment continuation, but also for early cessation in nonresponders. There is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for patients with established IBD. Despite the great interest in stratified and precision nutrition, we currently lack data to support conclusive recommendations. Replication of early findings by independent research groups and within structured clinical interventions is required.
Communicating the scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is real increases climate change beliefs, worry and support for public action in the United States. In this preregistered experiment, we tested two scientific consensus messages, a classic message on the reality of human-caused climate change and an updated message additionally emphasizing scientific agreement that climate change is a crisis. Across online convenience samples from 27 countries (n = 10,527), the classic message substantially reduces misperceptions (d = 0.47, 95% CI (0.41, 0.52)) and slightly increases climate change beliefs (from d = 0.06, 95% CI (0.01, 0.11) to d = 0.10, 95% CI (0.04, 0.15)) and worry (d = 0.05, 95% CI (-0.01, 0.10)) but not support for public action directly. The updated message is equally effective but provides no added value. Both messages are more effective for audiences with lower message familiarity and higher misperceptions, including those with lower trust in climate scientists and right-leaning ideologies. Overall, scientific consensus messaging is an effective, non-polarizing tool for changing misperceptions, beliefs and worry across different audiences.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- důvěra MeSH
- klimatické změny * MeSH
- komunikace * MeSH
- konsensus * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- veřejné mínění MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Závěrečná práce NCONZO
1 svazek : grafy, tabulky ; 30 cm +
Background: Awareness and understanding of organ donation after brain death can significantly influence an individuals' perceptions of the issue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the current level of awareness and perception of the Slovenian public regarding organ donation after brain death. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 784 individuals. Inferential statistics were conducted using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: The research sample of the studied Slovenian population demonstrated support for organ donation after brain death, despite a relatively low level of awareness of the topic. Significant demographic differences emerged in respondents' perceptions of organ donation. Female respondents, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and those working in health and social care exhibited more positive attitudes. In contrast, the age group of 50 years and above obtained the lowest scores. Statistically significant differences in awareness levels were only observed among different work sectors, with individuals working in health and social care showing higher levels of awareness. A positive yet weak correlation was found between the awareness and perceptions regarding the topic. Conclusion: Raising public awareness is essential for promoting organ donation. This can be achieved through the dissemination of information on the subject by experienced professionals.
- Klíčová slova
- přeočkovanost,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunizace ekonomika statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- infekční nemoci imunologie MeSH
- kolektivní imunita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- očkovací schéma MeSH
- povinné očkování statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- vakcinace * trendy MeSH
- veřejné mínění MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
A large proportion of the world's disease burden is attributable to mental illnesses. Although effective interventions are available, many patients still have limited access to evidence-based treatments. Aside from access, treatment gaps, including inappropriate medication selection and monitoring, are also routinely recognised. Mental health clinical pharmacists can help address these gaps and enable patients to receive optimised pharmaceutical care, particularly appropriate medication selection and monitoring. The European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) Special Interest Group on Mental Health was established to improve standardised service provision in mental health settings across Europe. The Special Interest Group identified significant barriers (predominantly associated with reimbursement and position within the multidisciplinary team) to effective pharmaceutical care amongst those with mental illnesses. This commentary presents recommendations to address these gaps through improved mental health clinical pharmacy service provision.
- MeSH
- duševní zdraví MeSH
- farmaceuti psychologie MeSH
- farmacie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocniční lékárny * MeSH
- veřejné mínění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- farmaceuti * MeSH
- lékárny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- studium farmacie MeSH
- veřejné mínění * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a dramatic trigger that has challenged the intrinsic capacity of older adults and of society. Due to the consequences for the older population worldwide, the Special Interest Group on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) took the initiative of collecting evidence on the usefulness of the CGA-based multidimensional approach to older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A narrative review of the most relevant articles published between January 2020 and November 2022 that focused on the multidimensional assessment of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Current evidence supports the critical role of the multidimensional approach to identify older adults hospitalized with COVID-19 at higher risk of longer hospitalization, functional decline, and short-term mortality. This approach appears to also be pivotal for the adequate stratification and management of the post-COVID condition as well as for the adoption of preventive measures (e.g., vaccinations, healthy lifestyle) among non-infected individuals. CONCLUSION: Collecting information on multiple health domains (e.g., functional, cognitive, nutritional, social status, mobility, comorbidities, and polypharmacy) provides a better understanding of the intrinsic capacities and resilience of older adults affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The EuGMS SIG on CGA endorses the adoption of the multidimensional approach to guide the clinical management of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- geriatrické hodnocení * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- veřejné mínění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
1. vydání 69 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 30 cm
Studie prezentuje výsledky výzkumu veřejného mínění Čechů o péči o dítě po rozchodu rodičů. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy MeSH
- opatrovnictví dítěte MeSH
- péče o dítě MeSH
- rodičovství MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- rozvod MeSH
- veřejné mínění MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Manželství a rodina. Sexuální vztahy
- NLK Obory
- sociologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
- kolektivní monografie
- brožury
