4,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (Rhein) has been shown to have various physiological and pharmacological properties including anticancer activity and modulatory effects on bioenergetics. In this study, we explored the impact of rhein on protein profiling of undifferentiated (UC) and differentiated (DC) SH-SY5Y cells. Besides that, the cellular morphology and expression of differentiation markers were investigated to determine the effect of rhein on retinoic acidinduced neuronal cell differentiation. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry we evaluated the changes in the proteome of both UC and DC SH-SY5Y cells after 24 h treatment with rhein. Validation of selected differentially expressed proteins and the assessment of neuronal differentiation markers were performed by western blotting. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in the abundance of 15 proteins linked to specific cellular processes such as cytoskeleton structure and regulation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, protein synthesis and neuronal plasticity. We also observed that the addition of rhein to the cultured cells during differentiation resulted in a significantly reduced neurite outgrowth and decreased expression of neuronal markers. These results indicate that rhein may strongly interfere with the differentiation process of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and is capable of inducing marked proteomic changes in these cells.

• MeSH
• anthrachinony farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nervové kmenové buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• neurity účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• neuroblastom farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neuronální růst účinky léků   MeSH
• neurony účinky léků   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Protein oxidation, the process caused especially by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is thought to play a major role in various oxidative processes within cells and is implicated in the development of many human diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the protein oxidation with the emphasis on the types of oxidation (oxidation of protein backbone and amino acid residues side chains, site-specific metal-catalysed protein oxidation), oxidationdependent generation of protein hydroperoxides, carbonyl derivatives and protein-protein cross-linkages. Nonenzymatic glycoxidation (also known as Maillard reaction) as an important factor of protein damage, consequences of oxidative protein impairment and related diseases as well as means of monitoring and assessment of protein modifications are discussed.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny chemie   MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie patologie   MeSH
• diabetické neuropatie patologie   MeSH
• katarakta patologie   MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Maillardova reakce * MeSH
• oxidace-redukce * MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• proteiny chemie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy dusíku metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Bifidobacteria are considered as one of the key genera in intestinal tracts of animals, and their species composition vary depending on the host. The aim of this study was to identify faecal bifidobacteria from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), housed in Zoological gardens (Ostrava, Czech Republic). Using culturing, bifidobacteria were found in counts 7.60+/-0.56 log CFU/g. Twenty-six pure strains were isolated from faeces of Asian elephant. The isolates were clustered into two groups according to fingerprinting profiles and fermentation characteristic. Bacteria were identified by a combination of MALDI-TOF MS, PCR methods and sequencing as B. boum (12 isolates) and B. adolescentis (14 isolates). Elephant strains showed different fingerprinting profiles than type and collection strains. Since these two species are frequently isolated from gastrointestinal tract of herbivores, they seem to be typical of animals fed plant diets.

• MeSH
• bakteriální RNA genetika   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sloni mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Transient expression of foreign genes based on plant viral vectors is a suitable system for the production of relevant immunogens that can be used for the development of a new generation of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases. In the present study the epitope derived from HPV-16 L2 minor capsid protein (amino acids 108-120) was expressed from Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector pGR106 as N- or C-terminal fusion with the PVX coat protein (PVX CP) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The fusion protein L2 108-120-PVX CP was successfully expressed in plants at a level of 170 mg/kg of fresh leaf tissue. The C-terminal fusion protein PVX CP- L2 108-120 was expressed using mutated vector sequence to avoid homologous recombination at a level of 8 mg/kg of fresh leaf tissue. Immunogenicity of L2 108-120-PVX CP virus-like particles was tested after immunization of mice by subcutaneous injection or tattoo administration. In animal sera the antibodies against the PVX CP and the L2 108-120 epitope were found after both methods of vaccine delivery.

• MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• epitopy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• genetické vektory genetika   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oligonukleotidy genetika   MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny virové metabolismus   MeSH
• protilátky virové krev   MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• tabák metabolismus   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• virion imunologie   MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• entomologie dějiny   MeSH
• Hymenoptera klasifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• portréty MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Londýn MeSH

• O autorovi
• Bouček, Zdeněk, 1924-2011 Autorita

The Potyviridae family, named after its type member, Potato virus Y (PVY), is the largest of the 65 plant virus groups and families currently recognized. The coding region for P1 peptidase is located at the very beginning of the viral genome of the family Potyviridae. Until recently P1 was thought of as serine peptidase with RNA-binding activity and with possible influence in cell-to-cell viral spreading. This N-terminal protein, among all of the potyviruses, is the most divergent protein: varying in length and in its amino acid sequence. Nevertheless, P1 peptidase in many ways is still a mysterious viral protein. In this review, we would like to offer a comprehensive overview, discussing the proteomic, biochemical and phylogenetic views of the P1 protein.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• Potyviridae genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA genetika   MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy genetika   MeSH
• virové proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

This paper re-examines the evolution of the scrotum and testicular descent in the context of the recent phylogeny of mammals. The adaptive significance of testicular descent and scrotality is briefly discussed. We mapped four character states reflecting the position of testes and presence of scrotum onto recent mammalian phylogeny. Our results are interpreted as follows: as to the presence of testicondy in Monotremata and most of Atlantogenata, which represent the basal group of all eutherians, we argue that primary testicondy represents a plesiomorphic condition for Eutheria as well as for all mammals. This is in opposition to the previous hypothesis of Werdelin and Nilsonne that the scrotum may have evolved before the origin of mammals and then repeatedly disappeared in many groups including monotremes. We suggest that the scrotum evolved at least twice during the evolutionary history of mammals, within Marsupialia and Boreoeutheria, and has subsequently been lost by many groups; this trend is especially strong in Laurasiatheria. We suggest that the recent diversity in testicular position within mammals is the result of multiple selection pressures stemming from the need to provide conditions suitable for sperm development and storage, or to protect the male gonads from excessive physical and physiological disturbance.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• epididymis embryologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• skrotum fyziologie   MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• termoregulace fyziologie   MeSH
• testis embryologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH