Pružnosť ciev je významným rizikovým faktorom kardiovaskulárnych ochorení (KVO), ktoré sú najčastejšou príčinou úmrtí v rozvinutých krajinách. Na základe merania pružnosti ciev obyvateľov zásobovaných mäkkou pitnou vodou (100 respondentov) a tvrdou pitnou vodou (100 respondentov) bol zistený výrazný rozdiel v rýchlosti pulznej vlny (PWVao), arteriálneho veku a v rozdieli medzi arteriálnym a skutočným vekom (∆ vek). U respondentov, ktorí konzumovali mäkkú pitnú vodu, bola PWVao o 1,9 m.s−1 vyššia, arteriálny vek o 23,2 rokov vyšší a ∆ vek o 14,5 roka vyšší. Respondentom pôvodne konzumujúcim mäkkú pitnú vodu bol obsah Ca a Mg v pitnej vode zvýšený o približne 10–15 mg.l−1. Po 18 mesiacoch konzumácie obohatenej pitnej vody so zvýšeným obsahom Ca a Mg sa respondentom pôvodne konzumujúcim mäkkú pitnú vodu PWVao znížila o 0,93 m.s−1, arteriálny vek sa znížil o 10,42 roka a ∆ vek sa znížil o 11,79 roka. Veľmi výrazne sa im tak znížilo riziko vzniku KVO.
Arterial stiffness is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the most common cause of death in developed countries. Based on measurements of arterial stiffness in inhabitants supplied with soft drinking water (100 respondents) and hard drinking water (100 respondents), a significant difference in pulse wave velocity (PWVao), arterial age, and the difference between arterial and actual age (Δ age) was found. In the respondents consuming soft drinking water, PWVao was 1.9 m.s-1 higher, arterial age was 23 years higher, and Δ age was 14.5 years higher. The respondents originally consuming soft drinking water, had the content of Ca and Mg in their water increased by approximately 10-15 mg.l-1. After 18 months of consuming enriched drinking water with increased Ca and Mg content, PWVao in the respondents originally consuming soft drinking water decreased by 0.93 m.s-1, arterial age decreased by 10.42 years, and Δ age decreased by 11.79 years. Their risk of developing CVD thus decreased significantly.
- MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pitná voda * analýza MeSH
- tuhost cévní stěny MeSH
- vápník dietní MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Background: The degree of blood pH affects the fundamental function of vitamin D, which is to maintain calcium and phosphorus as well as many other biochemical, neurological, and behavioural activities the difference in blood pH impacts the levels of calcium and vitamin D in the blood, and it is also in charge of ensuring that calcium levels are suitable and constant.Objective: that blood pH affects the basic function of calcium and phosphorus and vitamin D, the difference in pH affects calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood and is also responsible for keeping calcium levels appropriate and stable.Methods: 7 groups composed of 35 mature female rats were divided at random.Results: After 24 hours, none of the animals died. While stress activity increased with alkaline water, vitamin D3 and calcium levels increased in the acid water group while their concentration decreased with prednisolone, while calcium levels did not change in the alkaline water group. The animals in the two groups of vitamin D3 and acidified water with or without prednisolone moved less in the open field. Along with increased oxidative stress, vitamin D3 with acid water also inhibited cholinesterase activity. The lipid profile in the blood is impacted by the vitamin D3 group in both acidic and alkaline water.Conclusion: Prednisolone reduces serum levels of vitamin D3. And that acidic water directly affects the toxicity of vitamin D3, while alkaline water significantly reduces toxicity.
- MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- cholekalciferol aplikace a dávkování farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů * MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus krev MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- neurologické manifestace MeSH
- pitná voda * analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prednisolon aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- vápník analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus krev MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
As Europe's second longest river, the Danube is an important water source for drinking water and irrigation for many countries, before discharging into the Black Sea in the East. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been observed over the last two decades in concentrations exceeding the European Union's drinking water guidelines for total sum of 20 select PFAS of 0.1 μg L-1. Their presence is a result of current and historical use and high environmental persistence, necessitating their monitoring for human risk assessments. The aim of this study is to use recently developed passive sampling technology to calculate time-integrated water concentrations and mass loads of 11 select PFAS at 9 sites along the Danube River. Results indicate ∑11 PFAS concentrations in the range of 9.3-29.6 ng L-1 were not in exceedance of EU drinking water guidelines, but perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was in exceedance of the environmental quality standard (0.65 ng L-1) at all sampling locations. The highest ∑11 PFAS mass loads were observed at Ruse (9.5 kg day-1) and Budapest (6.3 kg day-1), believed to be driven by proximity to industrial facilities and large populations (urban runoff). Finally, we estimate 4.9 kg of total PFAS (∑11 PFAS) were delivered to the Black Sea daily over Summer 2019.
Non-target analysis (NTA) employing high-resolution mass spectrometry is a commonly applied approach for the detection of novel chemicals of emerging concern in complex environmental samples. NTA typically results in large and information-rich datasets that require computer aided (ideally automated) strategies for their processing and interpretation. Such strategies do however raise the challenge of reproducibility between and within different processing workflows. An effective strategy to mitigate such problems is the implementation of inter-laboratory studies (ILS) with the aim to evaluate different workflows and agree on harmonized/standardized quality control procedures. Here we present the data generated during such an ILS. This study was organized through the Norman Network and included 21 participants from 11 countries. A set of samples based on the passive sampling of drinking water pre and post treatment was shipped to all the participating laboratories for analysis, using one pre-defined method and one locally (i.e. in-house) developed method. The data generated represents a valuable resource (i.e. benchmark) for future developments of algorithms and workflows for NTA experiments.
This epidemiological study of ecological type deals with the analysis of relationship between drinking water hardness and health status of inhabitants of the Slovak Republic. This relationship was investigated in two groups of more than 50,000 inhabitants living in 53 different municipalities. The first group was supplied with drinking water with low hardness, and the second group was supplied with drinking water with increased hardness. The health status of the population of both groups was monitored by means of health indicators, which represented 15-year average values, for 1994-2008. We investigated four major causes of death, namely cardiovascular, oncological, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract mortality, and evaluated the average life expectancy. The health status of inhabitants supplied with drinking water with increased hardness was significantly better than the health status of people supplied with drinking water with low hardness. For example, the relative mortality for cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases, digestive tract diseases and respiratory diseases was 56%, 62%, 128% and 121% higher in the population supplied with soft drinking water compared to the population supplied with hard water, respectively. In addition, life expectancy was more than 4.5 years higher in the population supplied with hard drinking water. Our observation confirms the findings of previous studies on relationship between the water hardness and human health.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pitná voda analýza MeSH
- tvrdost MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- zásobování vodou normy MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
The modern, risk-based approach requires that only those pollutants which are likely to be present in a given water supply should be monitored in drinking water. From this perspective, defining an adequate approach to the monitoring of pesticides in areas with intensive agriculture is currently one of the greatest issues of regulation. This article shows the development and detailed results of pesticide monitoring in drinking water in the Czech Republic (CR). More than 4000 water supply zones serving around a 9.5 million population are routinely monitored, with nearly 250 thousand analyses of over 200 different pesticides and their metabolites being performed every year, with a non-compliance rate of ca. 0.3%. In 2017, pesticides accounted for most derogations in the CR, concerning a total of 64 water supply systems serving more than a 250 thousand population. A representative survey targeting 21 selected chemicals showed that 75% of water supply systems contained up to 11 pesticides per sample. The most commonly found were metabolites of the herbicides used to protect oilseed rape, maize, and sugar beet: acetochlor ESA, alachlor ESA, metazachlor OA, and chloridazon-desphenyl. The health risk assessment did not reveal any risks from these chemicals, even at the highest levels detected or in the most abundant mixtures, to the most vulnerable population (infants). Nevertheless, the increased presence of pesticides undermines the public's trust in drinking water safety.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- pesticidy * analýza MeSH
- pitná voda * analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- gastroenteritida epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Caliciviridae * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pitná voda analýza virologie MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- zásobování vodou MeSH
- zdroje nemoci virologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Electrophoretic focusing on inverse electromigration dispersion (EMD) gradient is a new analytical technique based on a unique separation principle where weak non-amphoteric ionogenic species are focused, separated and transported to the detector by an EMD profile of suitable properties. The present work extends the theoretical description of this method by introducing the concept of resolution and deriving the fundamental equation expressing resolution as function of basic system parameters. The results indicate that at constant current operation, resolution is proportional to the square root of time. For variable current regimes (e.g. constant voltage), the time variable is replaced by the product of electric current and passed electric charge. Computer simulations for a model pair of substances support the validity of the presented theory and confirm the theoretical conclusion that resolution can be increased by allowing longer electromigration of the gradient in terms of time or passed charge. The experimental example shown comprises an anionic electrolyte system based on maleic acid and 2,6-lutidine, combined with ESI-MS detection and operated in the reverse mode due to strong electroosmotic flow and ESI suction. The practical implementation of the proposed methodology is done by application of negative pressure at the inlet vial, resulting in very substantial resolution enhancement and baseline separation of otherwise unresolved substances. The performance and high sensitivity of the developed technique is demonstrated on the example of simultaneous analysis of four sulfonamides and three dichlorophenols in waters with limits of detection on the 1 nM level.
- MeSH
- chlorfenoly analýza MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární MeSH
- elektrolyty chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací * MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- maleáty chemie MeSH
- pitná voda analýza MeSH
- pyridiny chemie MeSH
- sulfonamidy analýza MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Complex mixtures of micropollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals emitted by wastewater effluents to European rivers may compromise the quality of these water resources and may pose a risk to ecosystem health and abstraction of drinking water. In the present study, an integrated analytical and bioanalytical approach was applied to investigate the impact of untreated wastewater effluents from the city of Novi Sad, Serbia, into the River Danube. The study was based on three on-site large volume solid phase extracted water samples collected upstream and downstream of the untreated wastewater discharge. Chemical screening with liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was applied together with a battery of in vitro cell-based bioassays covering important steps of the cellular toxicity pathway to evaluate effects on the activation of metabolism (arylhydrocarbon receptor AhR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma PPARγ), specific modes of action (estrogen receptor ERα, androgen receptor AR) and adaptive stress responses (oxidative stress, inflammation). Increased effects, significantly changed contamination patterns and higher chemical concentrations were observed downstream of the wastewater discharge. A mass balance approach showed that enhanced endocrine disruption was in good agreement with concentrations of detected hormones, while only a smaller fraction of the effects on xenobiotic metabolism (<1%) and adaptive stress responses (0-12%) could be explained by the detected chemicals. The chemical and effects patterns observed upstream of the discharge point were fairly re-established at about 7 km downstream, demonstrating the enormous dilution capacity of this large river.
- MeSH
- biotest metody MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory analýza MeSH
- kvalita vody MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- pitná voda analýza MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků analýza MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny analýza MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo MeSH
