Bone marrow mensenchyme cells(BMSCs) can differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells which then migrate to injured sites for the repair of neointima, and stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) can mediate the migration of CXCR4 expressing stem/progenitor cells to injured sites for repair. Protein and mRNA expression of SDF-1alpha and CXCR4 were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA. Immediately after common carotid artery balloon injury, the mRNA expression of SDF-1alpha in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) first increased and then decreased 7 days later. VSMCs transfected with SDF-1alpha siRNA did not express SDF-1alpha mRNA, but after transfection with SDF-1alpha siRNA, the SDF-1alpha content in injured VSMCs gradually returned to the baseline level. Normal BMSCs rarely expressed CXCR4 mRNA, but the CXCR4 mRNA expression on BMSCs increased significantly 4 days after common carotid artery injury and was maintained. The migration of BMSCs after artery injury was enhanced when compared with normal BMSCs, but SDF-1alpha siRNA transfection of VSMCs and AMD3100 treatment remarkably decreased the chemotaxis of BMSCs to VSMCs and SDF-1alpha, respectively. We conclude that the SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the migration of BMSCs after balloon injury and can ultimately cause abnormal proliferation of the intima.

• MeSH
• arteriae carotides fyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• buněčné dělení MeSH
• chemokin CXCL12 analýza   MeSH
• chemotaxe MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• histocytochemie metody   MeSH
• katetrizace MeSH
• kostní dřeň chemie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kultivační techniky MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie   chemie   MeSH
• pohyb buněk MeSH
• poranění arteria carotis patofyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• receptory CXCR4 analýza   MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Gut microbiome lives in the intestinal tract of animals and plays an important role in almost all life processes. Gut microbiome balance is beneficial to health, and imbalance leads to many diseases, one of which is obesity epidemic. However, gut microbiome is also influenced by host hormone, and different gut microbiome composition is observed between the sexes. Here, we studied whether castrated male Guizhou minipigs with obesity own the same gut microbiome composition and microbial function predictions with those in obese females. We sequenced the hypervariable regions V3 to V4 of bacterial 16s rRNA of fecal samples collected from our study subjects. We observed that the operational taxonomic units were small, which suggested that the abundance of gut microbiome may be influenced by low genetic diversity of host. Our results also suggested that the castrated male has different gut microbial composition compared to the obese female. An increasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in both castrated male and obese female groups, which suggested that the main adipogenic gut microorganism in obese Guizhou minipigs in our studies is the same with that in other obese mammals. However, we also observed that there were function prediction differences of obese Guizhou minipigs between female and castrated male, which suggested that the influence of gut microbiome on obesity between them is different.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• kastrace * MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• obezita mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

When, how, and following which paths hominins created the innovations that allowed them to colonize regions of the planet that were not suited to their thermal physiology is still a matter of inquiry. In this paper, we elaborate a theoretical framework to investigate the origin and diversification of bone needles, summarize the evidence for their emergence, create a large database of their morphometric and stylistic characters, and present results of the study of an exceptionally well-preserved collection of needles from Shuidonggou Locality 12 (SDG12), a site located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northern China, dated to ca. 11.2 ka BP. Bone needles are reported from 271 sites and 355 archaeological layers. Revision of the evidence shows they represent an original cultural innovation that emerged in Eurasia between 45-40 ka BP. Size differences between the earliest known specimens, found in Siberia and China, indicate needles may have been invented independently in these two regions. Needles from Eastern Europe may represent either an independent invention or a geographic extension of earlier Siberian and Caucasian sewing traditions. In Western Europe, needles appear during the Solutrean. The wider size range characteristic of Magdalenian specimens supports the idea that needles of different sizes were used in a variety of tasks. In China, the robust sub-circular needles found at sites dated between 35-25 ka BP are followed, between 26-23 ka BP, by small flat needles, which may represent an innovation associated with the microblades/microcores toolkit. At SDG12, technological, functional, and morphometric analyses of finished needles and manufacturing by-products identify two previously undetected reduction sequences for the production of needles of different size and, probably, function. The bone needles found at Paleoindian sites are the smallest and reflect a never previously achieved mastery in the production of such tools.

• MeSH
• archeologie * MeSH
• kulturní evoluce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• technologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Severní Amerika MeSH

Banana is one of the most important food and fruit crops in the world and its growth is ceasing at 10-17 °C. However, the mechanisms determining the tolerance of banana to mild (>15 °C) and moderate chilling (10-15 °C) are elusive. Furthermore, the biochemical controls over the photosynthesis in tropical plant species at low temperatures above 10 °C is not well understood. The purpose of this research was to reveal the response of chilling-sensitive banana to mild (16 °C) and moderate chilling stress (10 °C) at the molecular (transcripts, proteins) and physiological levels. The results showed different transcriptome responses between mild and moderate chilling stresses, especially in pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, ABC transporters, ubiquinone, and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Interestingly, functions related to carbon fixation were assigned preferentially to upregulated genes/proteins, while photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins were downregulated at 10 °C, as revealed by both digital gene expression and proteomic analysis. These results were confirmed by qPCR and immunofluorescence labeling methods. Conclusion: Banana responded to the mild chilling stress dramatically at the molecular level. To compensate for the decreased photosynthesis efficiency caused by mild and moderate chilling stresses, banana accelerated its carbon fixation, mainly through upregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases.

• MeSH
• banánovník genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza * MeSH
• reakce na chladový šok * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Clinical applications of precision oncology require accurate tests that can distinguish true cancer-specific mutations from errors introduced at each step of next-generation sequencing (NGS). To date, no bulk sequencing study has addressed the effects of cross-site reproducibility, nor the biological, technical and computational factors that influence variant identification. Here we report a systematic interrogation of somatic mutations in paired tumor-normal cell lines to identify factors affecting detection reproducibility and accuracy at six different centers. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), we evaluated the reproducibility of different sample types with varying input amount and tumor purity, and multiple library construction protocols, followed by processing with nine bioinformatics pipelines. We found that read coverage and callers affected both WGS and WES reproducibility, but WES performance was influenced by insert fragment size, genomic copy content and the global imbalance score (GIV; G > T/C > A). Finally, taking into account library preparation protocol, tumor content, read coverage and bioinformatics processes concomitantly, we recommend actionable practices to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of NGS experiments for cancer mutation detection.

• MeSH
• benchmarking * MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA normy   MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu normy   MeSH
• sekvenování exomu normy   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Phytophthora infestans is the pathogen of potato late blight, which is one of the most serious diseases of the potato. Myxobacteria, especially Myxococcus, become a valuable biological control resource due to their preponderant abilities to produce various secondary metabolites with novel structure and remarkable biological activity. In a previous study, Myxococcus fulvus B25-I-3 with antagonistic activity against P. infestans was isolated from an environmental sample by rabbit fecal induction method. The biocontrol mechanism of M. fulvus B25-I-3 against P. infestans and its control efficiency on potato late blight were studied. The results showed that the active substances produced by strain B25-I-3 had strong inhibitory effect on the asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction of P. infestans. In addition, the active substances could reduce the content of soluble proteins and the activity of the protective enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase) in P. infestans and increase the oxidative damage and permeability of cell membrane. And the active substances could inhibit the infection of the detached potato leaves by P. infestans significantly. In conclusion, M. fulvus B25-I-3 can produce active substances against P. infestans and has potential value to develop into biological pesticides for the control of potato late blight. The completion of this work may provide basic data for the isolation and identification of active substances and the development of pesticides against potato late blight.

• MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců * metody   MeSH
• mikrobiální interakce fyziologie   MeSH
• Myxococcus * fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin * parazitologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Phytophthora infestans * fyziologie   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum * mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

• MeSH
• autofagie * fyziologie   MeSH
• autofagozomy MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• biotest normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lyzozomy MeSH
• proteiny spojené s autofagií metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• směrnice MeSH

Four new species of Meligethes Stephens, 1830, M. (s.str.) macrofemoratus (Shaanxi, Ningxia), M. (s.str.) yak (NW Sichuan), M. (s.str.) auropilosus (Tibet) and M. (Odontogethes) aurorugosus (Tibet) spp. nov., are described and illustrated from China. Diagnostic characters distinguishing these new species from closely related taxa are discussed. The previously unknown male of Meligethes (s.str.) aureolineatus Audisio, Sabatelli & Jelínek, 2015 from Sichuan and the previously unknown female of M. (Odontogethes) scrobescens Chen, Lin, Huang & Yang, 2015 from Sichuan are also described. Additional data are also presented on the geographic distribution and life history of other Chinese Meligethes species.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• brouci anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

The lack of samples for generating standardized DNA datasets for setting up a sequencing pipeline or benchmarking the performance of different algorithms limits the implementation and uptake of cancer genomics. Here, we describe reference call sets obtained from paired tumor-normal genomic DNA (gDNA) samples derived from a breast cancer cell line-which is highly heterogeneous, with an aneuploid genome, and enriched in somatic alterations-and a matched lymphoblastoid cell line. We partially validated both somatic mutations and germline variants in these call sets via whole-exome sequencing (WES) with different sequencing platforms and targeted sequencing with >2,000-fold coverage, spanning 82% of genomic regions with high confidence. Although the gDNA reference samples are not representative of primary cancer cells from a clinical sample, when setting up a sequencing pipeline, they not only minimize potential biases from technologies, assays and informatics but also provide a unique resource for benchmarking 'tumor-only' or 'matched tumor-normal' analyses.

• MeSH
• benchmarking * MeSH
• datové soubory jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA normy   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu normy   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování normy   MeSH
• zárodečné buňky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adoption and outcomes for conduction system pacing (CSP), which includes His bundle pacing (HBP) or left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), in real-world settings are incompletely understood. We sought to describe real-world adoption of CSP lead implantation and subsequent outcomes. METHODS: We performed an online cross-sectional survey on the implantation and outcomes associated with CSP, between November 15, 2020, and February 15, 2021. We described survey responses and reported HBP and LBBAP outcomes for bradycardia pacing and cardiac resynchronization CRT indications, separately. RESULTS: The analysis cohort included 140 institutions, located on 5 continents, who contributed data to the worldwide survey on CSP. Of these, 127 institutions (90.7%) reported experience implanting CSP leads. CSP and overall device implantation volumes were reported by 84 institutions. In 2019, the median proportion of device implants with CSP, HBP, and/or LBBAP leads attempted were 4.4% (interquartile range [IQR], 1.9-12.5%; range, 0.4-100%), 3.3% (IQR, 1.3-7.1%; range, 0.2-87.0%), and 2.5% (IQR, 0.5-24.0%; range, 0.1-55.6%), respectively. For bradycardia pacing indications, HBP leads, as compared to LBBAP leads, had higher reported implant threshold (median [IQR]: 1.5 V [1.3-2.0 V] vs 0.8 V [0.6-1.0 V], p = 0.0008) and lower ventricular sensing (median [IQR]: 4.0 mV [3.0-5.0 mV] vs. 10.0 mV [7.0-12.0 mV], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, CSP lead implantation has been broadly adopted but has yet to become the default approach at most surveyed institutions. As the indications and data for CSP continue to evolve, strategies to educate and promote CSP lead implantation at institutions without CSP lead implantation experience would be necessary.

• MeSH
• bradykardie * terapie   MeSH
• elektrokardiografie MeSH
• Hisův svazek * MeSH
• kardiostimulace umělá MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci převodního systému srdečního MeSH
• převodní systém srdeční MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH