Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Chemická eliminace prachových roztočů patří mezi metody snižování alergenů v domácnostech. Stále však chybí souhrnná komparativní validační studie porovnávající účinnost současně dostupných insektícidních a akaricidních přípravků na prachové roztoče. V této studii byla festována účinnost 26 formulací biocidních pesticidních prostředků na prachové roztoče Deramaíophagoidespteronyssimus s cílem zjistit, zda jde tyto prostředky využít v eliminaci těchto roztočů a tím snížení úrovně alergenů. Experimenty byly provedeny v plastových komůrkákách pokrytých filtračním papírem impregnovaným účinnou látkou biocidu. Byla zjišťována mortalita roztočů po 24hodinové expozici. Data byla vyhodnocena pomocí probitové analýzy a byly stanoveny dávky LD99 (tj. koncentrace účinné látky, kde dochází k 99% mortalitě roztočů). Jako účinné byly zjištěny následující formulace: Acarosan®duo, AUergofif 200 SC, Biolit Plus, Cascade 5 EC, Crackdown Rapide, Fedorex-Profi, Omite 570 EW, Reslin 25 SE, Sanmite 20 WP, Vertimec 1,8 EC. Z těchto biocidů jsou Acarosan®duo, Biolit Plus, Allergoff 200 SC a Fpedorex-Profil,Omite 570 EW, Reslin 25 SE, Sanmite 20 WP, Vertimec 1,8 EC. Z těchto biocidů jsou Acarosan®duo, Biolit Plus, Allergofr200 SC a Fedorex-Profi cílené na prachové roztoče.
The chemical elimination of dust mites as allergen producers belongs to the important methods of allergen mitigation in househo lds. Up to present time, the comparison of the efficacy of available acarcidial and insecticidal formulation to control house dust mites has been completely missing. Therefore the efficacy of 26 formulations of biocides to Deramatophagoides pteronyssinus was compared in the laboratory essay. Among the tested biocides, Acarosan ® duo, Biolit Plus, Allergoff 200 SC and Fedorex-Profi are labeled exclusively against house dust mites. The aim of our work was to find the most effective biocide formulation. The experiments were carried out in the chambers with biocide impr egnated filter paper. The mortality was checked after 24 hours of pesticide exposure. The data were analyzed by probit analyze and doses for 9 9% mortality were fitted. Based on the laboratory essay, the following formulation were found to be satisfactory effective: Acarosan ® duo, Allergoff 200 SC, Biolit Plus, Cascade 5 EC, Crackdown Rapide, Fedorex-Profi, Omite 570 EW, Reslin 25 SE, Sanmite 20 WP and Vertimec 1,8 EC.
The feeding interactions between house dust mites (HDM) and microorganisms are key factors in the survival of mites in human environments. The suitability of different microbes for HDM is not known. Here, microbial species isolated from HDM cultures were offered to HDM in food preference tests under laboratory conditions. The microbial species were added to the rearing diet of mites to reach 7% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 10% of each tested microorganism. The suitability of each microbe-supplemented diet for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae was compared in terms of mite population growth and mite preference in a cafeteria test. The effect of mite feeding on the respiration of microorganisms in the diet was observed in microcosms. HDM were able to feed and reproduce on some bacterial and fungal species, but the suitability of microbial species differed. Increasing the yeast Sa. cerevisiae in the diet from 7 to 17% appeared the most suitable for both mite species. Staphylococcus spp. bacteria were preferred for D. farinae and were suitable for reproduction. The population growth and feeding preferences of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae with respect to microorganisms indicate that D. farinae can develop on a diet with bacterial (Staphylococcus nepalensis and Staphylococcus kloosii) additions, whereas D. pteronyssinus was successful on a diet with fungal (Aspergillus jensenii and Aspergillus ruber) additions. The bacteria Kocuria rhizophila and Bacillus cereus decreased population growth in D. pteronyssinus, whereas the yeasts Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii, Hyphopichia burtonii, and Candida ciferrii decreased population growth in D. farinae. These results indicate that some microorganisms are an important food source for HDM.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * MeSH
- Dermatophagoides farinae fyziologie MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus fyziologie MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- houby * MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- populační růst MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
House dust mites produce antibacterial proteins suppressing bacterial growth. The 14.5-kDa bacteriolytic protein (UniProtKB Q8MWR6) has been known in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Trouessart. We have applied polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription-PCR to detect a homologous gene sequence coding for a Q8MWR6-related protein in Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes) using genomic DNA and total RNA, respectively. The resulting PCR product of expected size, 243 bp, was obtained from both Dermatophagoides spp., while no amplification was achieved from stored product mite samples. Sequence of the gene fragment from D. farinae showed 83% similarity to the previously described one in D. pteronyssinus. Successful amplification of the expected product from cDNA generated with oligo-dT primer implies that the NlpC/P60-like protein in Dermatophagoides mites is of eukaryotic or mite origin.
- MeSH
- Dermatophagoides farinae chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- proteiny členovců chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Expression of the gene encoding Der-p2 allergen-like protein in the castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus is induced by blood intake. Tick Der-p2 allergen-like protein belongs to a diverse family of ML proteins that includes major allergens of house dust mites, human MD-2 or similar proteins from Drosophila melanogaster. In ticks, genes encoding proteins belonging to the ML protein family were identified, but their protein products have not been characterized yet. METHODS: A gene encoding tick Der-p2 allergen-like protein was amplified from cDNA of engorged I. ricinus female using the gene-specific primers designed on a basis of partial sequences of related allergen-like genes. The tissue and state specific patterns of expression of the gene were analysed. The IgE binding activity of the produced recombinant protein was studied by use of ELISA. RESULTS: Analysis of the expression pattern showed that the gene encoding the tick Der-p2 allergen-like protein is strongly induced by the bloodmeal in gut and haemolymph throughout all tick developmental stages. Der-p2 allergen-like protein possesses a putative lipid-binding site, according to the comparisons with the related proteins. The ability of tick Der-p2 allergen-like protein to bind immunoglobulin E (IgE) was revealed. DISCUSSION: The presence of a putative lipid-binding domain in Der-p2 allergen-like protein and its ability to interact with IgE might indicate the involvement of the protein in the tick's immune response.
- MeSH
- alergeny chemie genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- antigeny roztočů domácího prachu chemie genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin E imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- klíště genetika růst a vývoj imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- larva růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- lymfocytární antigen 96 chemie imunologie MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- nymfa růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny chemie genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In culture, the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, shows different growth patterns, but the composition and changes in the associated microbial community during mite culture growth are poorly known. In this study, we analyzed temporal changes in microbial communities including 'internal' communities (inside mites, ingested) and 'environmental' communities (from culture environment). Microbial community structure was correlated with guanine content (a nitrogenous waste product of mites) and mite population density. Both internal and environmental microbial communities were remarkably consistent between biological replicates from the same culture age group and were composed of relatively few dominant taxa-11 bacterial and 3 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Significant changes over time in microbial community structure in the bulk culture environment and in internal mite samples were observed. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a main component of the mite diet, gradually disappeared during mite culture growth and was replaced by fungi from the genera Aspergillus and Candida in both 'internal' and 'environmental' samples. In environmental samples, bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus and S. cerevisiae were negatively correlated, and Aspergillus and Candida positively correlated, with guanine content. The relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Kocuria increased with mite density but declined with increasing guanine content. The relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Virgibacillus was negatively correlated with mite density in 'internal' samples. Gram-positive bacteria dominated bacterial microbiomes at all time points in our experiments, indicating a more limited possibility for vaccine contamination by bacterial endotoxins (heat-stable lipopolysaccharides produced mostly by Gram-negative bacteria) in our experimental cultures.
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus * MeSH
- houby MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Dermatophagoides farinae fecal allergens are a major source of immunogens in home environments; however, as the source of mite fecal allergen is considered spent growth medium extract that can only mimic the pure fecal extract. In this study, we prepared and using proteomic methods analyzed a D. farinae fecal extract for the first time. The preparation approach used D. farinae feces that were produced within 8 weeks of initiating cultivation in minimized growth media. The feces were collected via adhesion to the tissue culture flask surfaces after removing the SGM and mites. This study contains in-depth proteomic mapping of the allergenic isoforms from the D. farinae fecal extract. Despite extensive analysis, MALDI TOF/TOF spectrometry showed that only six proteins/allergens, Der f1, Der f2, Der f3, Der f6, Der f15 and ferritin, originated from D. farinae. No other analyzed proteins were exactly assigned to Dermatophagoides or to similar invertebrate species by sequence similarity. The remaining proteins were assigned mostly to yeasts or cereals (originally dietary proteins); however, many of the proteins were not successfully identified in the current NCBInr. The numerous dietary proteins identified in the feces suggest that these proteins remained highly stable after passing through the gut. Isoforms of the allergens Der f1, Der f3 and Der f15 were identified in more MWs indicating the presence of zymogens and active-enzyme forms. The identified fecal allergens accumulate in the environment during the life of the mite and represent quantitatively greater amounts of mite immunogens than those that were missed in the 2D-E. The results contribute to our understanding of D. farinae digestive physiology with regard to the enzymes/proteins present in the feces.
Major domestic mite allergens are present in feces. We present a detailed 2D-E-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus feces. Precise cultivation yielded a pure fecal extract. We detected differences in fecal allergens/digestive enzymes between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae using 2D-E fingerprinting, including unique information on species-specific protease isoforms. Proteomic analysis was performed by 2D-E coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. The species-specific differences in the fecal extracts of the mites were attributed to trypsin-like proteases known as group 3 allergens. In D. farinae, Der f 3 exhibited high abundance with a pI similar (acidic) to that of the cysteine protease Der f 1 and the chymotrypsin protease Der f 6, whereas in D. pteronyssinus, Der p 3 was rarely detected and exhibited low abundance only at basic pI. Moreover, Der p 9 was detected at a pI of ~ 10, in contrast to Der p 1 and Der p 6, suggesting different compartmentalization in the body. Overall, in D. pteronyssinus feces, allergens of groups 1, 2, 6, and 15 were quantitatively similar to those of D. farinae with the exception of the group 3 and 9 allergens. This work provides novel insights into mite-defecated proteins/digestive enzymes, which are important allergens. SIGNIFICANCE: Millions of people are affected by allergy and asthma, and their number is growing. In homes, the major triggers of allergy and asthma are the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, and a clear understanding of the development of diseases caused by these mites is needed. The major sources of mite allergens are their feces, which are deposited in the environment and are easily inhaled as part of aeroplankton. However, descriptions of and comparisons between the major fecal allergens of these two mites are lacking. This study shows that similar group 1 (cysteine protease), 2 (NPC2 family), 6 (chymotrypsin) and 15 (chitinase-like) allergens are present in the feces of these two mite species, as determined by 2D-E mapping, whereas group 3 (trypsin) and 9 (collagenolytic protease) allergens in the feces of the two species are different. The results provide unique MS/MS mapped fingerprints of mite species-specific isoforms in feces. The presence of ubiquitin in mite feces suggests that these proteins participate in the post-translational modification of fecal proteins. The findings are essential for understanding differences between D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus with respect to immunoreactivity, protease activation mechanisms, association with microbes, and food utilization.
- MeSH
- 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- alergeny analýza MeSH
- Dermatophagoides farinae chemie MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus chemie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- protein - isoformy MeSH
- proteomika metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- trypsin MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
House dust mites inhabit bed mattresses contaminating them with allergens. A strong temperature/moisture gradient exists in mattresses when it is used by humans daily. Here, we studied migration patterns of the mite Dermatophagoides farinae in continuous and time-discontinuous temperature gradients consisting of five sectors with 19-23, 23-28, 28-32, 32-36 and 36-41 °C, containing dye-labeled diets as an indicator of mite presence and feeding. The mites migrated through the sectors and fed on the labeled diets or stayed unfed. The numbers of mites with the same coloration in their guts and the numbers of unfed mites in the sectors were recorded. Unfed mites provided information on short-term temperature preferences. Apart from a control trial, two experiments were performed: (i) a constant 19-41 °C gradient for 24 h, and (ii) alternating cycles of the same temperature gradient (19-41 °C, 8 h) and room temperature (16 h) for 5 days to model the typical daily occupancy of bed by humans. In both experiments, fed mites preferred a sector with 32-36 °C, suggesting that in mattresses, house dust mites prefer to stay as close as possible to the resting human, thus maximizing allergen exposure. However, the number of unfed mites decreased with increased temperatures in the gradient. Experiment (ii) showed that the fed mites remained at the same optimal distance from the heat source, suggesting that they stay at the upper surface of the regularly used mattress, even when human was temporarily absent during the day. Unfed mites apparently hide deeper in mattresses as suggested by their avoidance of increased temperatures.
[10] s. : il. ; 20 cm
Informační brožura o alergiích na roztoče.
- MeSH
- antigeny roztočů domácího prachu MeSH
- Dermatophagoides farinae klasifikace MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus klasifikace MeSH
- desenzibilizace imunologická MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- roztoči imunologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- informační letáky pro pacienty MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- alergologie a imunologie
The two common species of house dust mites (HDMs), Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, are major sources of allergens in human dwellings worldwide. Many allergens from HDMs have been described, but their extracts vary in immunogens. Mite strains may differ in their microbiomes, which affect mite allergen expression and contents of bacterial endotoxins. Some bacteria, such as the intracellular symbiont Cardinium, can affect both the sex ratio and biochemical pathways of mites, resulting in abundance variations of mite allergens/immunogens. Here, we investigated the bacterial microbiomes of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus males and females using barcode 16S rDNA sequencing, qPCR, and genomic data analysis. We found a single species of Cardinium associated with D. farinae strains from the USA, China and Europe. Cardinium had high abundance relative to other bacterial taxa and represented 99% of all bacterial DNA reads from female mites from the USA. Cardinium was also abundant with respect to the number of host cells-we estimated 10.4-11.8 cells of Cardinium per single female mite cell. In a European D. farinae strain, Cardinium was more prevalent in females than in males (representing 92 and 67% of all bacterial taxa in females and males, respectively). In contrast, D. pteronyssinus lacked any Cardinium species, and the microbiomes of male and female mites were similar. We produced a Cardinium genome assembly (1.48 Mb; GenBank: PRJNA555788, GCA_007559345.1) associated with D. farinae. The ascertained ubiquity and abundance of Cardinium strongly suggest that this intracellular bacterium plays an important biological role in D. farinae.
- MeSH
- Bacteroidetes izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Dermatophagoides farinae mikrobiologie MeSH
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mikrobiologie MeSH
- genom bakteriální * MeSH
- mikrobiota MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
