• Klíčová slova
• křeče svalové - diagnostika - farmakoterapie - sborníky prací,

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurologie

• MeSH
• akční potenciály MeSH
• funkční lateralita MeSH
• funkční zobrazování neurálních procesů metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• mapování mozku * metody   MeSH
• nervová síť patofyziologie   MeSH
• obsedantně kompulzivní porucha * radiografie   MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The combination of Turner's syndrome, factor 5 Leiden and fibrinogen 1 deficiency is extremely rare. The modified Bentall procedure is a viable option for the management of aortic aneurysms and bicuspid aortic valves in Turner's syndrome to minimise the risks associated with high-risk surgical interventions. We report details of the successful implementation of the Bentall operation in a patient with Turner's syndrome complicated by aortic aneurysm, bicuspid aorta, factor 5 Leiden and fibrinogen deficiency.

Kombinace Turnerova syndromu, leidenské mutace (mutace faktoru V Leiden) a deficitu fibrinogenu 1 se vyskytuje velmi vzácně. Modifikovaná Bentallova operace představuje proveditelný způsob řešení aneurysmat aorty a dvojcípých aortálních chlopní u Turnerova syndromu s cílem omezit na minimum rizika spojená s vysoce rizikovými chirurgickými výkony. V této kazuistice podrobně popisujeme úspěšné provedení Bentallovy operace u pacienta s Turnerovým syndromem komplikovaným aneurysmatem aorty, dvojcípou aortální chlopní, mutací faktoru V Leiden a deficitem fi brinogenu 1.

Úvod: Ablativní chirurgická resekce má zásadní význam pro dosažení lepších onkologických výsledků u pacientů s karcinomem hlavy a krku. Radikální chirurgická resekce však vytváří požadavek na komplexní rekonstrukci jednotlivých anatomických struktur. Mikrovaskulární volné laloky byly doporučeny jako zlatý léčebný standard pro rekonstrukci hlavy a krku po definitivní onkologické operaci. Supraklavikulární ostrůvkový lalok (SCAIF) je tenký a spolehlivý fasciokutánní stopkovaný lalok, která se snadno a rychle preparuje. Materiál a metody: Do této studie bylo zahrnuto celkem 19 pacientů, kteří podstoupili rekonstrukci hlavy a krku pomocí SCAIF. SCAIF byl použit k rekonstrukci onkologického defektu u 17 pacientů, u 1 pacienta k rekonstrukci kožního defektu dolní poloviny obličeje po radioterapii a u 1 pacienta k uzávěru otevřené rány (poranění výbuchem). Výsledky: U žádného pacienta nedošlo k závažné komplikaci při ani po operaci. SCAIF byl úspěšně použit u 18 z 19 pacientů pro rekonstrukční chirurgii hlavy a krku. Častečná nekróza kůže byla pozorována v rozsahu 1,5 cm od distálního okraje laloku a byla ošetřena konzervativně lokální péčí o ránu. Dehiscence rány v donorské oblasti laloku se neobjevila u žádného pacienta. Závěr: SCAIF představuje dobrou alternativu k volným lalokům, přičemž poskytuje téměř ekvivalentní funkční výsledky a vyžaduje méně operačního času a chirurgického úsilí.

Background: The ablative surgical resection has a critical importance for achieving better oncological outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer. However, radical surgical resections reveal the reconstruction requirement of complex anatomical structures. Microvascular free flaps have been recommended as a gold standard treatment choice for head and neck reconstruction following definitive oncological surgery. The supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is a thin and reliable fasciocutaneous pedicled flap that is simple and quick to harvest. Material and methods: A total of 19 patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction with SCAIF were included in this study. The SCAIF was used for the reconstruction of oncological defects in 17 patients while it was used for the reconstruction of a skin defect on the lower face following radiotherapy in 1 patient and for cervical open wound (blast injury) closure in 1 patient. Results: There were neither intraoperative nor postoperative major complications in any patient. The SCAIF has been used successfully in 18 of 19 patients for head and neck reconstructive surgery. Partial necrosis of the skin was detected in 1 patient (5.3%) only, while a total flap failure has not occurred in any patient. The partial skin necrosis was seen in an area of 1.5 cm of the distal end of the flap and was managed conservatively with local wound care. Wound dehiscence has not appeared in the flap donor area in any patient. Conclusion: The SCAIF constitutes a good alternative to free flaps, providing almost equivalent functional results and requiring less operative time and surgical effort.

• MeSH
• chirurgické laloky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku * chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Souvislost mezi Fallotovou tetralogií (tetralogy of Fallot, TOF) a jinými intrakardiálními patologiemi, jako jsou defekt septa síní (atrial septal defect, ASD), defekt síňokomorového kanálu nebo perzistentní levostranná horní dutá žíla (persistent left superior vena cava, PLSVC) i absence plicní chlopně, je dobře známa. Během chirurgického výkonu vyžadují přidružená onemocnění obzvláštní pozornost. V tomto článku popisujeme léčbu čtyřměsíční dívky s diagnózou TOF a PLSVC, u níž však byl přehlédnut nezastřešený koronární sinus. Nezastřešený koronární sinus se vyskytuje současně s TOF velmi vzácně.

Association of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with the other intracardiac pathologies such as atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular canal defect or persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), absent pulmonary valve are well known pathologies. The associated pathologies require specific attention during surgical treatment. In this manuscript, we present management of a four-month-old girl who was diagnosed with TOF and PLSVC but the diagnosis of unroofed coronary sinus was missed in her. Association of unroofed coronary sinus with TOF is a very rare variant of TOF pathology.

• Klíčová slova
• nezastřešený koronární sinus,
• MeSH
• defekty septa síní chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• Fallotova tetralogie * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• koronární sinus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on European gynaecological cancer patients under active treatment or follow-up has not been documented. We sought to capture the patient perceptions of the COVID-19 implications and the worldwide imposed treatment modifications. METHODS: A patient survey was conducted in 16 European countries, using a new COVID-19-related questionnaire, developed by ENGAGe and the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale questionnaire (HADS). The survey was promoted by national patient advocacy groups and charitable organisations. FINDINGS: We collected 1388 forms; 592 online and 796 hard-copy (May, 2020). We excluded 137 due to missing data. Median patients' age was 55 years (range: 18-89), 54.7% had ovarian cancer and 15.5% were preoperative. Even though 73.2% of patients named cancer as a risk factor for COVID-19, only 17.5% were more afraid of COVID-19 than their cancer condition, with advanced age (>70 years) as the only significant risk factor for that. Overall, 71% were concerned about cancer progression if their treatment/follow-up was cancelled/postponed. Most patients (64%) had their care continued as planned, but 72.3% (n = 892) said that they received no information around overall COVID-19 infection rates of patients and staff, testing or measures taken in their treating hospital. Mean HADS Anxiety and Depression Scores were 8.8 (range: 5.3-12) and 8.1 (range: 3.8-13.4), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified high HADS-depression scores, having experienced modifications of care due to the pandemic and concern about not being able to visit their doctor as independent predictors of patients' anxiety. INTERPRETATION: Gynaecological cancer patients expressed significant anxiety about progression of their disease due to modifications of care related to the COVID-19 pandemic and wished to pursue their treatment as planned despite the associated risks. Healthcare professionals should take this into consideration when making decisions that impact patients care in times of crisis and to develop initiatives to improve patients' communication and education.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• deprese psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• strach psychologie   MeSH
• úzkost psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

• MeSH
• autofagie * fyziologie   MeSH
• autofagozomy MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• biotest normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lyzozomy MeSH
• proteiny spojené s autofagií metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• směrnice MeSH

• Publikační typ
• tisková chyba MeSH

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• emoční regulace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH