Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis
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Acta endocrinologica, ISSN 0300-9750 vol. 107, suppl. 265, 1984
54 s. : tab., grafy ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus MeSH
- gonády MeSH
- neuroendokrinologie MeSH
- štítná žláza MeSH
- systém hypotalamus-hypofýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- endokrinologie
Cadmium is a heavy metal abundant in the environment that can induce endocrine disorder and toxicity in aquatic organisms at low levels. However, its effects on the thyroid system in fish are still unclear. In this study, the thyroid hormone (TH) levels and the expression profiles of genes related to hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid stimulating hormone beta (tshβ), solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter) member 5 (slc5a5), thyroglobulin (tg), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (trβ), were determined in whole body of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) larvae after exposure to different levels of Cd(2+) (0, 0.5 and 2.5mg/L) for 4days. And the 96-h lethal concentration of Cd(2+) on rare minnow larvae was determined as 2.59mg/L. The results showed that crh, slc5a5, tg and tshβ mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in the larvae, but the gene expression of trα and trβ was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, the THs levels decreased in the whole-body of fish, especially the thyroxine (T4) level. The above results indicated that Cd(2+) could alter gene expression in the HPT axis that might subsequently contribute to thyroid disruption.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu otrava MeSH
- down regulace účinky léků genetika MeSH
- exprese genu účinky léků MeSH
- hormony štítné žlázy metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium škodlivé účinky MeSH
- larva účinky léků genetika metabolismus MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- otrava kadmiem * MeSH
- ryby metabolismus MeSH
- štítná žláza účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- systém hypotalamus-hypofýza účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- thyroxin metabolismus MeSH
- upregulace účinky léků genetika MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Acta endocrinologica, ISSN 0300-9750 vol. 104, suppl. 261, 1983
53 s. : tab., grafy ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus MeSH
- endokrinní žlázy MeSH
- gonády MeSH
- neuroendokrinologie MeSH
- paratyreoidea MeSH
- štítná žláza MeSH
- systém hypotalamus-hypofýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- endokrinologie
To summarize how thyroid hormones exert their effects on lipid metabolism through specific interaction with their nuclear receptors, to review studies of the effects of new and selective thyromimetic drugs in animals and humans and to identify important questions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS: Thyroid hormones exert their effects by stimulation of thyroid hormone receptors that have different tissue distribution and metabolic targets. TRß is predominant in liver and mainly responsible for effects on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, whereas TR? is most important in fat, muscle, and heart. Thyroid hormone analogs (thyromimetics, tiromes) have been developed that activate TRß and are selectively taken up and/or activated by the liver. Such compounds stimulate hepatic LDL receptors, cholesterol elimination as bile acids and cholesterol, and presumably promote reverse cholesterol transport. In animals, they retard atherosclerosis progression. In humans, eprotirome exerts favorable lipid-modulating effects while lacking thyroid hormone-related side-effects and maintaining normal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback. When added to statins, it reduces LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides as well as lipoprotein (a). SUMMARY: Liver-specific and ß-selective thyroid hormone analogs activate a spectrum of favorable thyroid hormone actions that optimize lipid metabolism and promote cholesterol elimination. Further studies should establish long-term safety and potential clinical usefulness of thyromimetics.
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- biomimetika metody MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hormony štítné žlázy aplikace a dávkování chemická syntéza metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol metabolismus MeSH
- LDL-receptory agonisté metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- molekulární mimikry fyziologie MeSH
- orgánová specificita MeSH
- statiny farmakologie MeSH
- štítná žláza fyziologie MeSH
- systém hypotalamus-hypofýza fyziologie MeSH
- tyreoidální hormony, receptory alfa agonisté metabolismus MeSH
- tyreoidální hormony, receptory beta agonisté metabolismus MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
