• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates Streptococcus suis to amoxicillin and marbofloxacin obtained by the agar dilution method and broth microdilution method with the results obtained by the commercially available E-test were compared. Comparisons between the methods based on the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antimicrobials were assessed based on the degree and frequency of the categorical agreement (Agar dilution method as a reference system) and the percentage of the categorical agreement and error rate. A statistical evaluation was determined using the Bland-Atman method. The presented MIC values, determined for the isolates in the E-test, were slightly different from the MIC values determined by the dilution tests, mainly due to the different defined testing concentrations. For the E-test as the test system and agar-dilution method as the reference system, no error of any class was detected (very major, major and minor error) and a complete categorical agreement was obtained between the evaluated methods for amoxicillin. For amoxicillin, the regression and correlation analysis show linear relationships between the E-test and the two dilution methods with significant coefficients of determination (0.62 and 0.75). The slopes of the equality and regression lines were not significantly different. However, the E-test tends to slightly overestimate the MIC values when compared to the microdilution. The reverse is true when compared with the agar dilution. There was good agreement between the E-test and the dilution methods with a low bias (0.001 3 and −0.005 0), all the experimental data were within the computed limits of agreement. For marbofloxacin, the same trends were observed with lower coefficients of determination (0.42 and 0.73) and a less favourable agreement. The E-test constantly underestimated the MIC values when compared to the two dilution methods. No significant difference between the microdilution and agar dilution was obtained.

Tříletý kastrovaný kocour kočky domácí byl přijat pro tři dny trvající progresivní apatii, nechutenství, neochotu k pohybu anebo naopak bezcílnou chůzi, dezorientaci a exoftalmus. Klinické a neurologické vyšetření odhalilo lézi v oblasti velkého mozku a orbity vlevo. Magnetická rezonance prokázala extraaxiální epidurální masu komprimující levý frontální lalok, stejný signál byl pozorován v levém frontálním sinu a mediální části levé orbity. Vysoce suspektně se jednalo o absces. Antimikrobiální terapie a chirurgická dekomprese vedla ke zlepšení stavu, nicméně tři týdny po operaci došlo v místě kraniotomie v dutině frontálního sinu k novému plnění hnisem. Perkutánní punkcí byl odsát hnisavý výpotek, jeho kultivací byly odhaleny gramnegativní nefermentující tyčky společně s Enterococcem, citlivé na marbofloxacin. Tři roky po ukončení terapie je pacient v pořádku.

Three years male castrated domestic cats was referred to our clinic for three days progressive lethargy, loss of appetite, reluctance to move or compulsive walking respectively, disorientation and exophtalmmus. Clinical and neurological examination confirm lesion in the left forebrain and orbital cavity. On MRI an extraaxial epidural space occupying lesion compress left frontal lobe, similar signal intensity was seen in left frontal sinus and medial left orbital cavity. Suspected diagnosis was an epidural abscess. Antimicrobial therapy and surgery led to improvement, however three weeks later a new purulent fluids in the operated place was seen. Percutaneous aspiration of the purulent material and second cultivation found a gram negative rods together with Enteroccocus, sensitive to marbofloxacin. Three year after the therapy the cat is healthy.

• MeSH
• absces mozku * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chirurgie operační veterinární   MeSH
• drenáž MeSH
• epidurální absces * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• nemoci koček MeSH
• paralýza MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: While commercial poultry and captive birds are exposed to antimicrobials through direct medication, environmental pollution may result in contamination of wild birds. Fluoroquinolones are commonly used medications to treat severe avian bacterial infections; however, their adverse effects on birds remain understudied. Here, we examine toxicity of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin during the egg incubation period using the chicken (Gallus Gallus domesticus) as a model avian species. Laboratory tests were based on eggs injected with 1, 10 and 100 μg of fluoroquinolones per 1 g of egg weight prior to the start of incubation and monitoring of chick blood biochemistry, reproductive parameters and heart rate during incubation. RESULTS: Eggs treated with fluoroquinolones displayed reduced hatchability due to embryonic mortality, particularly on day 13 of incubation. Total hatching success showed a similar pattern, with a significantly reduced hatchability in low and high exposure groups treated with both enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. From 15 to 67% of chicks hatching in these groups exhibited joint deformities. Hatching one-day pre-term occurred with a prevalence of 31 to 70% in all groups treated with fluoroquinolones. Embryonic heart rate, measured on days 13 and 19 of incubation, increased in all enrofloxacin-treated groups and medium and high dose groups of marbofloxacin-treated eggs. Blood biochemistry of chicks sampled at hatch from medium dose groups showed hypoproteinaemia, decreased uric acid and increased triglycerides. Chicks from the enrofloxacin-treated group displayed mild hyperglycaemia and a two-fold rise in the blood urea nitrogen to uric acid ratio. Principal components analysis based on blood biochemistry clearly separated the control bird cluster from both enrofloxacin- and marbofloxacin-treated birds. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroquinolones induce complex adverse effects on avian embryonic development, considerably reducing the performance of incubated eggs and hatching chicks. Cardiotoxicity, which quickens embryonic heart rate, meant that the total number of heart beats required for embryogenesis was achieved earlier than in the standard incubation period, resulting in pre-term hatching. Our data suggest that enrofloxacin has a higher potential for adverse effects than marbofloxacin. To conclude, care should be taken to prevent exposure of reproducing birds and their eggs to fluoroquinolones.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky toxicita   MeSH
• enrofloxacin toxicita   MeSH
• fluorochinolony toxicita   MeSH
• hypoproteinemie chemicky indukované   veterinární   MeSH
• kur domácí * krev   MeSH
• kuřecí embryo účinky léků   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže chemicky indukované   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kuřecí embryo účinky léků   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mycobacterium bovis is a re-emerging zoonosis; it was diagnosed in five Abyssinian cats in a breeding cattery in Italy. The infection entered the cattery with an imported kitten (cat A); it had a suspected bite wound on its leg that had been treated at a veterinary clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, which is probably where it became infected with M. bovis. When the kitten arrived in Italy, there were four cats in the cattery; an adult female, her two kittens and a kitten imported from Russia. These were all healthy, and had no outdoor access. All five cats developed tuberculous interstitial pneumonia; in cat A this occurred 6 weeks after importation, the others were diagnosed 4-6 weeks later. Three cats were euthanised with deteriorating pneumonia while two cats remained clinically well on antibiotic therapy (marbofloxacin, doxycycline and azithromycin). The latter cases were euthanised after 5 weeks, as required by Italian law once M. bovis infection was suspected. Changes consistent with tuberculosis on gross post-mortem examination included mesenteric and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, and the presence of disseminated focal white lesions on the cut surface of the spleen, liver and lungs. Visible acid-fast bacteria (cats A, B and C) were confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR (cats A, B, C, D and E), refined to M. bovis (cats A, B and D), spoligotype SB0950 (cats A and D).

• MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby veterinární   MeSH
• importované infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• Mycobacterium bovis fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci koček epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   přenos   MeSH
• tuberkulóza epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

Abscesses of odontogenic origin in guinea pigs pose a serious health problem and need to be treated with a combination of surgical and medical therapy. The aim of this prospective study was to describe the microbial flora of odontogenic abscesses associated with osteomyelitis in 24 pet guinea pigs, to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing, and to make recommendations for practitioners on the antibiotics of first choice. Inclusion criteria for the study included the animal being diagnosed with an odontogenic abscess which underwent surgery and was not pre-treated with an antibiotic. Inclusion criteria matched for 24 guinea pigs. Samples (pus, capsule and affected tooth/bone) for bacteriological examination were collected under sterile conditions during the surgical procedure. The most commonly isolated bacteria from abscesses of odontogenic origin were Bacteroides fragilis in 12.8 per cent (6/47) of cases, Pasteurella multocida in 10.6 per cent (5/47) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in 8.5 per cent (4/47). Aerobic bacterial species only were isolated in 29.2 per cent (7/24) of cases, anaerobic bacteria only were isolated in 33.3 per cent (8/24), and mixed infection with anaerobic and aerobic bacterial species was seen in 37.5 per cent (9/24). Aerobes (n=20) were sensitive to enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in 100 per cent of samples, benzylpenicillin potassium (penicillin G, PNCG) in 90 per cent, cephalotin in 85 per cent, amoxicillin-clavulanate in 75 per cent, doxycycline in 70 per cent, gentamicin in 65 per cent and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 55 per cent. Anaerobes (n=27) were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate in 100 per cent of cases, clindamycin in 96.3 per cent, metronidazole in 92.6 per cent, PNCG in 92.6 per cent and cephalotin in 74.1 per cent. As guinea pigs are strictly herbivorous animals, based on the results of this study the recommended antibiotic treatment for odontogenic abscesses is a combination of fluoroquinolones and metronidazole.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• domácí zvířata * MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti veterinární   MeSH
• morčata * MeSH
• osteomyelitida mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• parodontální absces farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata * MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH