Molecular pharming
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The peptide LL-37, a component of the human innate immune system, represents a promising drug candidate. In particular, the development of low-cost production platform technology is a critical bottleneck in its use in medicine. In the present study, a viable approach for the LL-37 production in transgenic barley is developed. First, comparative analyses of the effects of different fused peptide epitope tags applicable for accumulation and purification on LL-37 production yield are performed using transient expression in tobacco leaves. Following the selection of the most yielding fusion peptide strategies, eight different constructs for the expression of codon optimized chimeric LL-37 genes in transgenic barley plants are created. The expression of individual constructs is driven either by an endosperm-specific promoter of the barley B1 hordein gene or by the maize ubiquitin promoter. The transgenes are stably integrated into the barley genome and inherited in the subsequent generation. All transgenic lines show normal phenotypes and are fertile. LL-37 accumulated in the barley seeds up to 0.55 mg per 1 kg of grain. The fused epitope tags are cleaved off by the use of enterokinase. Furthermore, in planta produced LL-37 including the fused versions is biologically active.
- MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ječmen (rod) genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kathelicidiny chemie genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární farmaření metody MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) genetika MeSH
- rekombinantní fúzní proteiny chemie genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- jedlé rostliny MeSH
- jedlé vakcíny * biosyntéza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární farmaření MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Spruce wood and Typha (wetland plant) derived biochars pyrolyzed at 350 °C and 600 °C were tested for their sorption affinity for organic pollutants (diclofenac, methylparaben, benzotriazole and sodium 1-decanesulfonate) and nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and boron) commonly found in greywater. Batch and column studies combined with molecular dynamics modelling determined the sorption capacity, kinetics, and described the underlying mechanisms. The spruce biochar (600 °C) exhibited the highest sorption capacity mainly for the tested organics. The dynamic test performed for spruce biochar (600 °C) showed that the magnitude of desorption was low, and the desorbed amount ranged between 3 and 11 %. Molecular dynamics modelling (a computational tool for elucidating molecular-level interactions) indicated that the increased sorption of nitrate and boron on spruce biochar (600 °C) could be attributed to hydrophobic interactions. The molecular dynamics shows that predominant adsorption of organic pollutants was governed by π-π stacking, with a minor role of hydrogen-bonding on the biochar surface. In summary, higher pyrolysis temperature biochar yielded greater adsorption capacity greywater borne contaminants and the reaction temperature (10-34 °C) and presence of anionic surfactant had a limited effect on the adsorption of organic pollutants, suggesting efficacious application of biochar in general for greywater treatment in nature-based systems.
... Introduction 15 -- Part I Towards harmonised assessments of food and feed safety 21 -- Chapter 1 Molecular ...
Novel food and feed safety, ISSN 2304-9499
2 svazky : ilustrace ; 28 cm
In this research, the adsorption of two herbicides, alachlor (ALA) and terbuthylazine (TBA), on granular activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of well-characterized peptide fraction of cellular organic matter (COM) produced by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa was studied. Two commercially available GACs were characterized using nitrogen gas adsorption and surface charge titrations. The COM peptides of molecular weight (MW) < 10 kDa were isolated and characterized using MW fractionation technique and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The effect of surface charge on the adsorption of COM peptides was studied by means of equilibrium adsorption experiments at pH 5 and pH 8.5. Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding proved to be important mechanisms of COM peptides adsorption. The adsorption of ALA and TBA on granular activated carbon preloaded with COM peptides was influenced by solution pH. The reduction in adsorption was significantly greater at pH 5 compared to pH 8.5, which corresponded to the increased adsorption of COM peptides at pH 5. The majority of the competition between COM peptides and both herbicides was attributed to low molecular weight COM peptides with MW of 700, 900, 1300 and 1700 Da.
- MeSH
- acetamidy analýza chemie MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza chemie MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie MeSH
- herbicidy analýza chemie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- Microcystis chemie MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- peptidy chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- triaziny analýza chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
An increasing demand for environmentally acceptable alternative for traditional pesticides provides an impetus to conceive new bio-based strategies in crop protection. Employing induced resistance is one such strategy, consisting of boosting the natural plant immunity. Upon infections, plants defend themselves by activating their immune mechanisms. These are initiated after the recognition of an invading pathogen via the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or other microbe-derived molecules. Triggered responses inhibit pathogen spread from the infected site. Systemic signal transport even enables to prepare, i.e. prime, distal uninfected tissues for more rapid and enhanced response upon the consequent pathogen attack. Similar defense mechanisms can be triggered by purified MAMPs, pathogen-derived molecules, signal molecules involved in plant resistance to pathogens, such as salicylic and jasmonic acid, or a wide range of other chemical compounds. Induced resistance can be also conferred by plant-associated microorganisms, including beneficial bacteria or fungi. Treatment with resistance inducers or beneficial microorganisms provides long-lasting resistance for plants to a wide range of pathogens. This study surveys current knowledge on resistance and its mechanisms provided by microbe-, algae- and plant-derived elicitors in different crops. The main scope deals with bacterial substances and fungus-derived molecules chitin and chitosan and algae elicitors, including naturally sulphated polysaccharides such as ulvans, fucans or carageenans. Recent advances in the utilization of this strategy in practical crop protection are also discussed.
Analysis of C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction data of trospium chloride (TCl) products crystallized from different mixtures of water-ethanol [φ(EtOH) = 0.5-1.0] at various temperatures (0°C, 20°C) and initial concentrations (saturated solution, 30%-50% excess of solvent) revealed extensive structural variability of TCl. Although (13) C CP/MAS NMR spectra indicated broad variety of structural phases arising from molecular disorder, temperature-modulated DSC identified presence of two distinct components in the products. FTIR spectra revealed alterations in the hydrogen bonding network (ionic hydrogen bond formation), whereas the X-ray diffraction reflected unchanged unit cell parameters. These results were explained by a two-component character of TCl products in which a dominant polymorphic form is accompanied by partly separated nanocrystalline domains of a secondary phase that does not provide clear Bragg reflections. These phases slightly differ in the degree of molecular disorder, in the quality of crystal lattice and hydrogen bonding network. It is also demonstrated that, for the quality control of such complex products, (13) C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy combined with factor analysis (FA) can satisfactorily be used for categorizing the individual samples: FA of (13) C CP/MAS NMR spectra found clear relationships between the extent of molecular disorder and crystallization conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 102:1235-1248, 2013.
- MeSH
- benziláty chemie MeSH
- diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- nortropany chemie MeSH
- prášková difrakce MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
