Ophiocordyceps sinensis Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Hlavnou zložkou extraktov Ophiocordyceps sinensis a Cordyceps militaris sú polysacharidy. Ide o prírodné biopolyméry, ktoré predstavujú veľkú triedu biologicky aktívnych zložiek. Tie prispievajú k ich farmakologickej aktivite a pôsobeniu na zdravie. Obsahujú monosacharidy, ktoré zahŕňajú ramnózu, ribózu, arabinózu, xylózu, manózu, glukózu, galaktózu, manitol, fruktózu a sorbózu. Exopolysacharidová frakcia má veľký počet farmakologických účinkov, z ktorých dva najdôležitejšie sú imunomodulačné a protinádorové. Medzi obsahové polysacharidy patrí tiež manoglukán vykazujúci slabú cytotoxickú aktivitu proti rakovinovej bunkovej línii SPC-I1). Z Ophiocordyceps sinensis sa postupne izolovalo viac ako desať nukleozidov a im príbuzných zlúčenín vrátane adenínu, adenozínu, inozínu, cytidínu, cytozínu, guanínu, uridínu, tymidínu, uracilu, hypoxantínu a guanozínu. Obsahuje mnoho aminokyselín a polypeptidov, u ktorých sa predpokladá, že by mohli mať vplyv na kardiovaskulárny systém. Taktiež vykazujú sedatívny a hypnotický účinok, pričom najúčinnejšou zložkou spomedzi nich je tryptofán. Polysacharidy sa extrahovali zo štyroch vzoriek: vzorka 1 (pestovaná na substráte Oryza sativa indica, kmeň Ophiocordyceps sinensis), vzorka 2 (pestovaná na substráte Oryza sativa japonica, kmeň Ophiocordyceps sinensis), vzorka 3 (pestovaná na substráte Oryza sativa indica, kmeň Cordyceps militaris), vzorka 4 (pestovaná na substráte Oryza sativa japonica, kmeň Cordyceps militaris). Prostredníctvom NMR spektroskopie a následným porovnaním s literatúrou sa podarilo zistiť, že majoritná chemická zlúčenina v deproteinizovaných extraktoch 1 a 4 bol hydrofilný polyglukán označovaný ako CBHP2).
The main component of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris extracts are polysaccharides. These are natural biopolymers that represent a large class of biologically active components. These contribute to their pharmacological activity and effect on health. They contain monosaccharides that include rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, mannitol, fructose, and sorbose. The exopolysaccharide fraction has a large number of pharmacological effects, the two most important of which are immunomodulatory and antitumour. Among the contained polysaccharides is also mannoglucan, which shows weak cytotoxic activity against the SPC-I1) cancer cell line. More than ten nucleosides and their related compounds, including adenine, adenosine, inosine, cytidine, cytosine, guanine, uridine, thymidine, uracil, hypoxanthine, and guanosine, have been successively isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis. It contains many amino acids and polypeptides that are thought to affect the cardiovascular system. They also have a sedative and hypnotic effect, with tryptophan being the most effective component among them. Polysaccharides were extracted from four samples: sample 1 (grown on the substrate Oryza sativa indica, strain Ophiocordyceps sinensis), sample 2 (grown on the substrate Oryza sativa japonica, strain Ophiocordyceps sinensis), sample 3 (grown on the substrate Oryza sativa indica, strain Cordyceps militaris), sample 4 (grown on Oryza sativa japonica substrate, strain Cordyceps militaris). Through NMR spectroscopy and subsequent comparison with the literature, the majority of a chemical compound in deproteinized extracts 1 and 4 was found to be a hydrophilic polyglucan referred to as CBHP2).
The paper deals with the study of two strains of medicinal fungi of the genus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Paecilomyces hepiali, which were cultivated on two rice substrates – Oryza sativa L. var. indica and Oryza sativa L. var. japonica. For the methanol extracts prepared, the antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical method. Extract (P. hepiali, Oryza sativa L. var. japonica) with IC50 = 5.16 ± 0.01 mg ml–1 was the most effective one in scavenging a stable radical. Testing the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, the extract (O. sinensis, Oryza sativa L. var. indica) was found as the most effective to inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria (250 % relative inhibition zone diameter). 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy was used to identify chemical compounds in the six extracts prepared from two strains of O. sinensis and one strain of P. hepiali, which confirmed the presence of oleic acid, linoleic acid and urea in various ratios.
The paper gives a brief overview of a diverse group of chemical compounds present in the parasitic fungus called Cordyceps sinensis. It focuses on the description of their chemical structure and their positive biological effects on the human body. Some of the key biological activities of Cordyceps sinensis are discussed: It helps to prevent hyperglycemia, supports heart function, decreases the level of cholesterol, supports the immune system, selectively inhibits the synthesis of RNA in cancer cells through disturbing the synthesis of some proteins, inhibits the methylation of the nucleic acid, proves to be a powerful antioxidant, protects kidneys from damage, acts as an antibiotic showing a bacteriostatic effect against several pathogenic bacteria, including pneumococci, streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as anti-inflammatory effects, improves sexual performance, acts as an aphrodisiac, and many more others.
Cordycepin is an essential nucleoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of physiological functions, which is currently produced by the fermentation of Cordyceps militaris. Even though numerous efforts were made to enhance cordycepin production, the cordycepin yield is still limited. High-cordycepin-yielding strains are still a prerequisite for industrial cordycepin production in large amounts. Screening high-cordycepin-yielding strains from other sources may break new grounds for cordycepin. In this study, Cordyceps hawkesii Gray, with high homology to C. militaris, was selected as the source to screen the cordycepin manufacturing endophytic fungi. Four isolates capable of cordycepin production were successfully obtained among all isolated endophytic fungi. One of the four with better cordycepin yield was identified as Irpex lacteus CHG05, which belongs to the Phlebia species. The response surface methodology was applied to optimize the culture conditions for cordycepin fermentation. 162.05 mg/L of cordycepin with a 53.1% improvement was achieved compared to the original conditions. This study indicates that the endophytic fungi from C. hawkesii Gray could produce cordycepin and served as the first report for cordycepin by the white-rot fungus of I. lacteus. Even though the yield is low compared to C. militaris, this strain provided another choice for enhanced cordycepin in the future.
- MeSH
- Cordyceps * MeSH
- deoxyadenosiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Beauverolides (beauveriolides) are abundant, biologically active cyclodepsipeptides produced by many entomopathogenic fungi, including those that are used as biopesticides. Beauverolides act as cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors in humans; thus, their mode of action has been the subject of pharmacological and clinical research. The cost-effective analytical methods are needed for fast, routine laboratory analysis of beauverolides. We isolated beauverolides from the fungal strain Isaria fumosorosea PFR 97-Apopka and opened the rings of the isolated beauverolides using a pyridine alkaline medium. We separated fractions of cyclic and linearized beauverolides by thin-layer chromatography, and found the chloroform-acetate (9:1, v/v) and chloroform-acetonitrile-acetate (8:1:1, v/v/v) mobile phases, respectively, to be the most efficient. We examined all the fractions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using ion trap and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. For rapid screening of the contents of cyclic, and, particularly, linearized beauverolides, we developed a novel analytical method that consisted of using capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection. Furthermore, we improved the separation of the peptides by applying capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography with the N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid:SDS:NaOH buffer, pH 9.8 as the background electrolyte. The described novel methods allow fast and cost-effective separation of chemically related groups of beauverolides.
V súčasnej dobe existuje 750 druhov húb rodu Cordyceps. Vysoká cena prírodného Cordycepsu a jej nedostatok v prírode spôsobil, že sa pozornosť upriamila na jej pestovanie, kultiváciu v laboratórnych podmienkach. Dopyt po tejto "hube-parazitovi" je aj v dnešnej dobe pomerne vysoký, čo dokazuje aj množstvo komerčných výživových doplnkov. Fytochemická diverzita zabezpečila, že Cordyceps sa používa ako imunomodulátor, antioxidant; má protirakovinové, protizápalové, antidiabetické, antibakteriálne a anti-HIV účinky. Práca sa zaoberá NMR a IR analýzou prírodných látok izolovaných z dvoch druhov húb rodu Cordyceps: Cordyceps sinensis MFTCCB025/0216, MFTCCB026/0216 a Paecilomyces hepiali MFTCCB023/0216. Tie boli umelo kultivované na dvoch substrátoch ryže (Oryza sativa Indica a Oryza sativa Japonica). Celkovo sa analyzovalo päť metanolových extraktov, ktoré boli pripravené refluxovaním pomletého materiálu húb. Na stanovenie kvality a kvantity majoritných chemických zlúčenín sa využila 1D a 2D NMR analýza, ktorej riešením 1H, 13C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC a DEPT spektier sa priradili protóny a uhlíky jednotlivým organickým zlúčeninám. Ako doplnková analýza na stanovenie funkčných skupín sa zvolila IR spektroskopia. V extraktoch boli identifikované ako majoritné nasledujúce chemické zlúčeniny: kyselina linolová, kyselina olejová, manitol; ako minoritné tyrozín, alanín, močovina a iné biologicky zaujímavé látky.
There exist about 750 species of Cordyceps at present. A high price of natural Cordyceps and its lack in nature caused that the attention has been focused to its cultivation in laboratory conditions. The demand for this "fungus-parasite" is still quite high nowadays, as shown by the amount of commercial nutritional supplements. Phytochemical diversity has ensured that Cordyceps is used as an immunomodulatory and an antioxidant; it has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-HIV effects. In the present study we focused on NMR and IR analyses of natural substances isolated from two species of Cordyceps: Cordyceps sinensis MFTCCB025/0216, MFTCCB026/0216 and Paecilomyces hepiali MFTCCB023/0216. Two types of rice substrates (Oryza sativa Indica and Oryza sativa Japonica) were used for cultivation. A total of five methanol extracts obtained by a reflux method of the ground mushroom were analysed. To determine the quality and quantity of the major chemical compounds, 1D and 2D NMR analysis has been used with 1H, 13C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC and DEPT spectra. IR spectroscopy was chosen as a complementary analysis to determine functional groups. Linoleic acid, oleic acid and mannitol were identified as major compounds of the methanol extracts. Tyrosine, alanine, urea and the others biologically interesting substances were found as minor components.
- Klíčová slova
- Paecilomyces hepiali,
- MeSH
- Cordyceps * chemie MeSH
- kyselina linolová MeSH
- kyselina olejová MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- mannitol MeSH
- Paecilomyces * chemie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie infračervená MeSH
- tradiční čínská medicína MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In the present study, the cDNA sequences of Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes of Isaria farinosa (designated IFHSP70 and IFHSP90) were cloned and characterized using multiple techniques of molecular biology and bioinformatics. The genetic differentiation of the two genes was investigated among 10 geographically separated populations distributed in the Yunnan province. The complete sequence of the IFHSP70 cDNA had a length of 2158 bp, and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1962 bp, encoding a 71-kDa polypeptide comprising of 653 amino acids. IFHSP90 cDNA had a length of 2144 bp, and contained an ORF of 2103 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 79.23 kDa, comprising of 700 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences of IFHSP70 and IFHSP90 shared high sequence identities with other fungi. Fundamental information pertaining to the protein families, signatures, and conserved motifs of Hsp70 and Hsp90 were also identified. Analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) from the Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes showed that the genetic variation within-population (83.26%, 83.08%) was greater than among the populations (16.74%, 16.92%). The values of nucleotide diversity (Pi), haplotype diversity (Hd), coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst), and gene flow (Nm) were calculated. For Hsp70, Pi = 0.0425, Hd = 0.888, Fst = 0.167, Nm = 1.24; For Hsp90, Pi = 0.0420, Hd = 0.894, Fst = 0.169, and Nm = 1.22. These data indicated that the genetic differentiation among 10 different geographical populations of I. farinosa was limited. This study describes, for the first time, cloning, characterization and identification of Isaria farinosa Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes, and provides a preliminary basis for exploring the genetic structure of the genus Isaria using the sequences of Hsp70 and Hsp90 as molecular markers.
- MeSH
- Cordyceps klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fungální proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- výpočetní biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
