Pisum sativum Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- hrách setý * MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Uptake of (14)C-labeled fluoranthene ([(14)C]FLT) via both roots and leaves of Pisum sativum seedlings and distribution of [(14) C] in plants by both acropetal and basipetal transport was evaluated. The highest [(14)C] level was found in the root base (≈270 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) and the lowest level in the stem apex (<2 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) after just 2 h of root exposure. For foliar uptake, the highest level of [(14)C] was found in the stem and root apex (both ≈2 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) (except for treated leaves), while the lowest level was found in the root base (<0.6 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt).
- MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- fluoreny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- hrách setý metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- radioizotopy uhlíku analýza metabolismus MeSH
- stonky rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Knowledge of current genetic diversity and mating systems of crop wild relatives (CWR) in the Fertile Crescent is important in crop genetic improvement, because western agriculture began in the area after the cold-dry period known as Younger Dryas about 12,000 years ago and these species are also wild genepools of the world's most important food crops. Wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) is an important source of genetic diversity for further pea crop improvement harbouring traits useful in climate change context. The genetic structure was assessed on 187 individuals of Pisum sativum subsp. elatius from fourteen populations collected in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent using 18,397 genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism DARTseq markers. AMOVA showed that 63% of the allelic variation was distributed between populations and 19% between individuals within populations. Four populations were found to contain admixed individuals. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.99 to 6.26% with estimated self-pollination rate between 47 to 90%. Genetic distances of wild pea populations were correlated with geographic but not environmental (climatic) distances and support a mixed mating system with predominant self-pollination. Niche modelling with future climatic projections showed a local decline in habitats suitable for wild pea, making a strong case for further collection and ex situ conservation.
Introduced organic pollutants in all ecosystem compartments can cause stress resulting in a wide range of responses including different root development. In this study, the effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-fluoranthene (FLT; 0.1, 1 and 7 mg L(-1)) on the growth, morphology and anatomical structure of roots of pea and maize was evaluated. In comparison with pea, significant stimulation of root system growth of maize caused by 0.1 mg L(-1) (total length longer by 25%, number of lateral roots by 35%) and its reduction (total length by 34%) already by 1 mg L(-1) FLT is the proof of different interspecies sensitivity to low and higher environmental loading. Nevertheless in both plant species a high loading 7 mg L(-1) FLT significantly reduced both growth (total length by 95% in pea, 94% in maize) and the number of lateral roots (by 78% in pea, 94% in maize). Significantly increased thickness of root of both maize and pea was caused by 7 mg L(-1) FLT and in maize already by 0.1 mg L(-1) FLT. It may be mainly connected with an enlargement of stele area (up to 50% in pea and 25% in maize). Increased xylem area in root tip (by up to 385% in pea, 167% in maize) and zone of maturation (up to 584% in pea, 70% in maize) and its higher portion in stele area of root tip (by 9% in pea, 21% in maize), mainly in roots exposed 7 mg L(-1) FLT, are a proof of an early differentiation of vascular tissue and a shortening of root elongation zone. Moreover in both plant species exposed to this treatment, the decline of rhizodermis cells and external layers of primary cortex was found and also significant deformation of primordia of lateral roots was recorded.
- MeSH
- fluoreny toxicita MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- hrách setý anatomie a histologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin anatomie a histologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kukuřice setá anatomie a histologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) significantly reduces yields in a broad spectra of legumes. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor has been shown to confer resistance to this pathogen, thus implying that translation and proteome dynamics play a role in resistance. This study presents the results of a proteome-wide analysis of Pisum sativum L. response to PSbMV infection. LC-MS profiling of two contrasting pea cultivars, resistant (B99) and susceptible (Raman) to PSbMV infection, detected >2300 proteins, 116 of which responded to PSbMV ten and/or twenty days post-inoculation. These differentially abundant proteins are involved in number of processes that have previously been reported in the plant-pathogen response, including protein and amino acid metabolism, stress signaling, redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. We complemented our proteome-wide analysis work with targeted analyses of free amino acids and selected small molecules, fatty acid profiling, and enzyme activity assays. Data from these additional experiments support our findings and validate the biological relevance of the observed proteome changes. We found surprising similarities in the resistant and susceptible cultivars, which implies that a seemingly unaffected plant, with no detectable levels of PSbMV, actively suppresses viral replication. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Plant resistance to PSbMV is connected to translation initiation factors, yet the processes involved are still poorly understood at the proteome level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of the global proteomic response to PSbMV in plants. The combination of label-free LC-MS profiling and two contrasting cultivars (resistant and susceptible) provided highly sensitive snapshots of protein abundance in response to PSbMV infection. PSbMV is a member of the largest family of plant viruses and our results are in accordance with previously characterized potyvirus-responsive proteomes. Hence, the results of this study can further extend our knowledge about these pathogens. We also show that even though no viral replication is detected in the PSbMV-resistant cultivar B99, it is still significantly affected by PSbMV inoculation.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- eukaryotické iniciační faktory MeSH
- hrách setý virologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
- nemoci rostlin virologie MeSH
- odolnost vůči nemocem genetika MeSH
- Potyvirus patogenita MeSH
- proteomika metody MeSH
- rostlinné viry MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) was used for the determination of bioavailable mercury in urban soils, and results were compared to the mercury accumulation by Pisum sativum L. (pea) parts (leaf, root, stem, blossom, legume, and green seed). The total mercury concentration in soil samples was ranged between 0.084 and 0.326 mg kg-1. The soil solutions contained 0.15%-0.20% of mercury present in soils. In the soil solution, 2.21%-3.45% of mercury was available for DGT units. The highest mercury content was determined in the leaf and root of the pea plant, and the lowest in the consumable part of the pea plant (green seed). Mercury concentration in the parts of the pea plant increased over time, alongside the growth of the plant. The effect of acid precipitation on mercury bioavailability was statistically non-significant (p = 0.53). Significant and positive correlations were found between mercury flux into DGT unit, and mercury flux into the root (r = 0.989), leaf (r = 0.985), and stem (r = 0.904) of the pea plant. The obtained results suggest that the DGT method could be used for description of the uptake of mercury by pea plant parts in non-contaminated and slightly contaminated soils.
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- hrách setý metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- metody MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rtuť analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- semena rostlinná metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Aminoaldehydes are products of polyamine degradation and are known to be reactive metabolites that are toxic to living cells at high concentrations. These compounds are catabolized by aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases, which are enzymes that contain a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coenzyme. Aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pisum sativum was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized using the hanging-drop method. A complete data set was collected to 2.8 A resolution at 100 K. Crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 86.4, b = 216.6, c = 205.4 A, beta = 98.1 degrees. Molecular replacement was performed and led to the identification of six dimers per asymmetric unit.
- MeSH
- aldehyddehydrogenasa chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hrách setý enzymologie MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- konformace proteinů MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
